pH-responsive aqueous foams stabilized by hairy latex particles

Polystyrene (PS) latex particles carrying pH-responsive poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDEA) hair (PDEA-PS particles) were synthesized by dispersion polymerization and characterized in terms of diameter, diameter distribution, morphology, chemical composition, surface chemistry, and pH-response using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental microanalysis, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the laser diffraction method, and zeta potential measurements. The hairy particles can act as pH-responsive stabilizers of aqueous foams by adsorption at the air-water surface. Above pH 8.0, where particles have nonprotonated PDEA hair, which is relatively hydrophobic, particle-stabilized foams are stable for at least 1 month. Optical microscopy and SEM confirmed that flocculated PDEA-PS latex particles were adsorbed at the air-water interface and stabilized the aqueous foams. At pH 6.1 and 7.1, relatively stable foams can be prepared that remain stable for at least 24 h. SEM studies indicated that the PDEA-PS particles were adsorbed at the air-water interface as a monolayer at pH 6.1. At pH 5.1 and 3.1, where the particles have cationic water-soluble PDEA hairs with hydrophilic character, no foam was formed. Rapid defoamation can be induced by lowering the solution pH; the addition of acid caused the in situ protonation of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate residues, which impart water-soluble hydrophilic character to the PDEA hair, and the PDEA-PS particles desorbed from the air-water interface. The foaming and defoaming cycles could be repeated at least five times.     

"Click-made" biaryl-linker improving efficiency in protein labelling for the membrane target protein of a bioactive compound

We report on the design, synthesis and assessment of a novel biaryl-linked (BArL) molecular probe for the exploration of low-abundant target proteins for bioactive compounds based on the activity based protein profiling (ABPP) approach. Surprisingly, the performance of the BArL probe was better than that of the stepwise tagging approach that is considered to be the most effective method used in ABPP study.     

Towards single cell heat shock response by accurate control on thermal confinement with an on-chip microwire electrode

Metal electrodes with micron scale width enable the heating of less than a dozen cells in a confluent layer at predictable temperatures up to 85 °C with an accuracy of ±2 °C. Those performances were obtained by a preliminary robust temperature calibration based on biotin-rhodamine fluorescence and by controlling the temperature map on the substrate through thermal modeling. The temperature accuracy was proved by inducing the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) in a few NIH-3T3 cells through a confined and precise temperature rise. Our device is therefore effective to locally induce a heat shock response with almost single-cell resolution. Furthermore, we show that cells heated at a higher temperature than the one of heat shock remain alive without producing HSP. Electrode deposition being one of the most common engineering processes, the fabrication of electrode arrays with a simple control circuit is clearly within reach for parallel testing. This should enable the study of several key mechanisms such as cell heat shock, death or signaling. In nanomedicine, controlled drug release by external stimuli such as for example temperature has attracted much attention. Our device could allow fast and efficient testing of thermoactivable drug delivery systems.     

A divergent synthesis of dihydropyridazinones,N‐substituted dihydropyrazoles,and O‐substituted pyrazoles

Dihydropyridazinones 4a , 4b , N‐substituted dihydropyrazoles 5b , 5c , 5d , and O‐substituted pyrazoles 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d have been synthesized starting from spirocyclopropanepyrazole derivative 2 . Treatment of 2 with α‐chloro esters, e.g., methyl chloroacetate, ethyl chloroacetate, isopropyl chloroacetate, and tert‐butyl chloroacetate, in potassium carbonate/sodium iodide system caused ring opening and subsequent C‐ or N‐attack nucleophilic substitution to give the corresponding dihydropyridazinones 4a , 4b and N‐substituted dihydropyrazoles 5b , 5c , 5d . On the other hand, in the absence of sodium iodide, O‐substituted pyrazoles 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d were obtained from 2 via an O‐attack nucleophilic substitution. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.     

Synthesis of 3‐Acyl‐4‐alkenylpyrrolidines by Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydrative Cyclization of Allenynes

A series of nitrogen‐tethered allenynes (‘5‐aza‐1,2‐dien‐7‐ynes’) 1 were transformed to the corresponding 3‐acyl‐4‐alkenylpyrrolidines 3 when treated with a catalytic amount of PtCl₂ in MeOH at 70°. Initial Pt‐promoted cyclization forms a nonclassical carbocationic intermediate. In contrast to the cycloisomerization in toluene, which produced the bicyclic cyclobutenes 2 , the intermediate is intercepted by addition of an oxygen nucleophile to achieve the formal hydrative cyclization.     

合金钢的组织结构对於光谱分析的影响

我们用爱氏光源(低电流交流电弧)作高速钢的光谱分析时,发现样品的组织结构对于分析结果有影响。为了对这个现象得到进一步的了解,我们选择了10种含碳量不同的铬钢进行热处理试验和光谱分析。一系列实验的结果指出,用小电流(5安)电弧光源时,铬的光谱分析结果由于试样是退火组织或淬火组织而有差别,这个差别又随着钢中含碳量的增加而增加。我们认为,这种影响是由于碳在试样中存在状态的不同所引起的。在低功率光源中,这种不同使合金元素被蒸发和被激发的情况有所差别,因而就影响了光谱分析的结果。这种影响由于合金元素之不同而有程度上的不同,对铬的影响很显著,对锰和矽的影响则很小。此外,所选择的分析线对是弧线还是火花线,对于这种组织结构的效应也有显著的影响。曾经进行了一些消除组织结构影响的实验。发现在应用低功率光源时,增加预燃时间并不能消除这个效应。用火花光源或大电流(8安)电弧光源时,这种影响大为减小。     

杯电極溶液法光谱光源中物质蒸发与弧温的研究

杯电极溶液电弧法无论应用在金属或非金属样品的光谱分析中,都受到光谱工作者们越来越多的注意。为了更进一步提高它的分析灵敏度和准确度,作者们对它的蒸发激发机构进行了研究。在燃弧过程中,曾观察到弧区是由弧焰与弧柱两个部分组成的。通过一系列实验发现:弧焰的存在直接影响到溶液样品的蒸发,而弧柱在光谱的激发过程中起着主导的作用。此外还利用OH带光谱测量弧焰及弧柱的温度分布。从得到的结果中找到提高分析灵敏度和准确度的途径。     

光受激发射的稳定性

本文推导出描述三能级Laser工作过程的准经典方程组,并分析了输出振动的稳定性。在阈值以上,当T₁?T₂,q^-1时,只在1/(qT₂)>1时,输出振幅是稳定的(其中T₁,T₂,q^-1分别是分子纵向、横向及谐振腔的弛豫时间)。在稳定区域,趋向平衡的时间与T₁成正比。当分子线宽小于谐振腔宽度时,输出是不稳定的,而在1/(qT₂)减小时,平衡点由稳定变到不稳定时产生一个稳定的极限环,即输出振幅逐渐开始振动。关于稳定性的结论在气体Laser中是可以检验的。本文指出,在红宝石Laser中看到的输出不稳定,可能就是谐振腔的q很大的结果。