Functional Materials for Memristor-Based Reservoir Computing: Dynamics and Applications

The booming development of artificial intelligence (AI) requires faster physical processing units as well as more efficient algorithms. Recently, reservoir computing (RC) has emerged as an alternative brain-inspired framework for fast learning with low training cost, since only the weights associated with the output layers should be trained. Physical RC becomes one of the leading paradigms for computation using high-dimensional, nonlinear, dynamic substrates. Among them, memristor appears to be a simple, adaptable, and efficient framework for constructing physical RC since they exhibit nonlinear features and memory behavior, while memristor-implemented artificial neural networks display increasing popularity towards neuromorphic computing. In this review, the memristor-implemented RC systems from the following aspects: architectures, materials, and applications are summarized. It starts with an introduction to the RC structures that can be simulated with memristor blocks. Specific interest then focuses on the dynamic memory behaviors of memristors based on various material systems, optimizing the understanding of the relationship between the relaxation behaviors and materials, which provides guidance and references for building RC systems coped with on-demand application scenarios. Furthermore, recent advances in the application of memristor-based physical RC systems are surveyed. In the end, the further prospects of memristor-implemented RC system in a material view are envisaged.     

用于超外差接收机提供本振源的高功率510 GHz单片集成三倍频器

本文介绍了一种基于砷化镓材料的高功率490~530 GHz单片集成三倍频器。基于提出的对称平衡结构,该三倍频器不仅可以实现良好的振幅和相位平衡,用来实现高效的功率合成,还可以在没有任何旁路电容的情况下提供直流偏置路径以保证高效倍频效率。同时,开展容差性仿真分析二极管关键电气参数与结构参数对倍频性能的影响研究,以便最大化提升倍频性能。最终,在大约80~200 mW的输入功率驱动下,研制的510 GHz三倍频,在490~530 GHz频率范围内,输出功率为4~16 mW,其中峰值倍频效率11%。在522 GHz频点处,该三倍频在218 mW的输入功率驱动下,产生16 mW的最大输出功率。该三倍频器后期将用于1 THz的固态外超外差混频器的本振源。     

基于钛相变边缘传感器的超导单光子探测器特性

研究了基于钛TES的超导单光子探测器的特性,器件尺寸范围为5 μm×5 μm到20 μm×20 μm,集成光学腔体后在1 550 nm波长实测的系统探测效率最高达到72%,最佳能量分辨率为0.26 eV。在此基础上,采用二流体模型提取了基于钛TES的超导单光子探测器的特性参数（包括温度灵敏度、电流灵敏度、热容等）,并模拟计算了基于钛TES的超导单光子探测器的响应时间和能量分辨率,与实验结果完全吻合。结果表明优化探测器尺寸和临界温度,可以同时达到高探测效率和高能量分辨率,实现光子数可分辨的高性能单光子探测器。     

面向植被边坡的地基SAR高相干点选择

基于高相干点进行相位分析,才能有效保证地基SAR（Synthetic Aperture Radar,合成孔径雷达）形变测量的准确性。在差分干涉测量领域中,广泛使用幅度离差法,可以有效地选择出岩石、建筑物等PS（Permanent Scatterer,永久散射体）点作为高相干点,但对于植被边坡,采用该方法选择出高相干点数量较少,不利于差分干涉处理。在星载SAR领域,普遍采用StaMPS方法解决植被边坡的高相干点选择问题。本文探索了StaMPS方法在地基SAR领域的适用性,提出采用非PS点来计算相干系数门限,并引入DS（Distributed Scatterer,分布式散射体）选择技术,进一步提高了高相干点的数量。对一处植被边坡的实验结果表明,相比于幅度离差法和StaMPS方法,改进方法在提高高相干点数量的同时,有效保证了其相位质量。      

ADS-B延迟转发电文检测及干扰台定位方法

广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)技术因明码广播特点,面临较严重的电子欺骗风险.针对延迟转发电文的检测与相应干扰台定位问题,根据ADS-B地面站接收电文的位置间隔的分布特点,该文提出利用顺序电文间瞬时速度与关注期内平均速度间的差异性检测延迟转发电文的方法.根据延迟转发电文的原始电文位置与干扰台间的空间关系,利用ADS-B地面站获取的延迟转发电文位置及时间戳,采用多点定位技术实现对干扰台定位.仿真结果表明,利用瞬时速度与平均速度间的差异性可以有效地实现对延迟转发电文存在与否的检测,干扰台的定位精度与ADS-B地面站的定时精度、采用定位的电文数目、干扰台与航线间距离和干扰台方位等因素有关,且采用正视区域的位置电文可以获得对干扰台较好的定位性能.该文方法可以使ADS-B地面站独立地检测延迟转发干扰和定位相应干扰台.     

Long-term ultra-precision phase synchronization technique for locking the repetition rate of OFCs based on FLOM-PD

Long-term ultra-precision synchronization between optical frequency combs (OFCs) and microwave oscillators is important for various fields, including scientific observation, smart grid, positioning and navigation, etc. Here, a phase-locked loop system based on fiber loop optical-microwave phase detector (FLOM-PD) is proposed to realize the synchronization of the repetition rate of OFCs and rubidium atomic clocks. Firstly, the scheme and locking process of the system are elaborated, then the mathematical model of the system is established, and the feasibility of the scheme is proved by theoretical analysis and experimental verification. After synchronization, the instability of the system reaches 8.69×10-12 at 1 s and 2.94×10-13 at 1 000 s, indicating that the phase synchronization system can achieve ultra-precision and stability of OFCs repetition rate.     

Crack width estimate in reinforced concrete with FBG sensor:experimental and numerical analysis

A detecting method of investigating the function of crack width versus fiber Bragg grating (FBG) spectrum deformation was proposed. In this paper, the bond-slip model of deformed steel bar in concrete slab was used to calculate the crack width. The stress distributions along optic-fiber grating were extracted by the three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) and the spectrum deformation of FBG induced by the uneven distribution of the stress was calculated. Experiments were carried out with an FBG fixed on the bottom of concrete slab. The crack width and FBG spectrum deformation of experimental results were given, and the function of crack width versus wavelength shift of FBG sensor was given also. The proposed technology in this paper could improve the safety of large-scale concrete building by early identification of structural crack.     

基于辐条视觉特征感知的蓝宝石接种检测方法

针对现阶段蓝宝石晶体生产过程中引晶操作主要依靠人工经验完成,引晶过程时间过长且准确度低的问题,提出了一种基于辐条视觉特征感知的蓝宝石籽晶接种检测方法。此方法使用了量化辐条图案运动轨迹收敛程度的模型,基于运动轨迹收敛模型对辐条图案特征点进行验证分析,将符合收敛条件的熔体稳定状态图像创建图像数据库;然后将实时采集到的图像与数据库中图像进行匹配检测,实现对熔体稳定状态图像的实时准确识别。通过实验对所提出方法的精度进行验证并与实际生产的效果进行对比,实验表明该方法能够满足实际工业生产,其中引晶状态识别准确率达到98.9%,成品良率相比人工引晶提高了28%。     

LD泵浦Pr∶YLF固体激光器

研究了LD泵浦Pr∶YLF固体激光器。激光器采用LD端面泵浦结构,通过建立激光器热效应模型,对激光晶体内部温度场进行了解析计算,模拟分析了不同掺杂浓度Pr∶YLF晶体的光吸收以及温度场分布,对激光器泵浦耦合系统和输出镜的透射率等参数进行了优化设计,实现了LD泵浦Pr∶YLF固体激光器的高功率、高效率输出。当LD泵浦功率为2W时,获得了最大输出功率为287mW,光光转换效率达16.1,光束质量因子为M2X=1.38,M2Y=1.35的640nm激光。     

基于RDSS和RNSS的北斗定位装置设计

针对飞行过程中的定位问题,设计了一款高功率、体积小的新型定位装置。该定位装置主要由北斗模块、单片机模块和供电模块三部分组成。北斗模块由RDSS和RNSS模块集成,信标工作时首先通过RNSS快速获取定位数据,定位数据经过单片机处理后通过RDSS发送至卫星,然后地面短报文接收机接收到数据,最终传输至上位机,将经度、纬度等参数详细转换并呈现至上位机界面。本设计采用双北斗模块和多接收模块保证发射频率和接收效率。经过连续的测试后,新型定位装置运行状态稳定,通信成功率≥95％,能够达到预期要求。