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61.
The crystallochemistry of and the bonding in the orthorhombic four-connected nets of BaIn(2) (CeCu(2) structure) and of CaPtSn (TiNiSi structure, a derivative of the CeCu(2) structure) are analyzed with approximate molecular orbital calculations. Following the Zintl concept, in BaIn(2) the In(-) ions are isoelectronic with group IV tin and should adopt a four-connected structure. In contrast to alpha-tin, which has a cubic diamond structure, the indium ions in BaIn(2) build up an orthorhombic three-dimensional four-connected net containing distorted tetrahedra and ladder polymers of four-membered rings. In the CeCu(2) structure (space group Imma) two bond angles in these distorted tetrahedra are fixed at 90 degrees. The four-connected net in the CeCu(2) structure is topologically related to the layers in black phosphorus (space group Cmca). In CaPtSn (TiNiSi structure) the orthorhombic four-connected net is formed by (PtSn)(2)(-) ions in an ordered arrangement. Calculations on BaIn(2) and CaPtSn show that the four-connected nets are increasingly stabilized as the valence electron count is increased from 16 to 30 valence electrons per 4 formula units. For more than 30e, the nets are destabilized due to filling of M-E antibonding states. Structural data obtained by precise single crystal investigations for the TiNiSi series CaPdIn (20e), CaPdSn (24e), CaPdSb (28e), and CaAgSb (32e), confirm the results of the extended Hückel calculations. We find an interesting and understandable angular asymmetry of the tetrahedral sites in these ternary compounds. 相似文献
62.
Yong‐Qian Wu David C. Limburg Douglas E. Wilkinson Gregory S. Hamilton 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2003,40(1):191-193
A mild and efficient synthesis of five‐ and six‐membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds, in which di(imidazole‐1‐yl)methanimine serves as a one‐carbon source, is reported. 相似文献
63.
64.
Barnes JH Schilling GD Stone SF Sperline RP Denton MB Young ET Barinaga CJ Koppenaal DW Hieftje GM 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2004,380(2):227-234
The use of a separation step, such as liquid chromatography, prior to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) has become a common tool for highly selective and sensitive analyses. This type of coupling has several benefits including the ability to perform speciation analysis or to remove isobaric interferences. Several limitations of conventional instruments result from the necessity to scan or pulse the mass spectrometer to obtain a complete mass spectrum. When the instrument is operated in such a non-continuous manner, duty cycle is reduced, resulting in poorer absolute limits of detection. Additionally, with scanning instruments, spectral skew can be introduced into the measurement, limiting quantitation accuracy. To address these shortcomings, a high-performance liquid chromatograph has been coupled to an ICP–MS capable of continuous sample introduction and simultaneous multimass detection. These features have been realized with a novel detector array, the focal plane camera. Instrument performance has been tested for both speciation analysis and for the elimination of isobaric interferences. Absolute limits of detection in the sub picogram to tens of picograms regime are obtainable, while the added mass dimension introduced by simultaneous detection dramatically increases chromatographic peak capacity. 相似文献
65.
Self-assembly of nonionic surfactants into lyotropic liquid crystals in ethylammonium nitrate, a room-temperature ionic liquid 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The stability of a variety of lyotropic liquid crystals formed by a number of polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants in the room-temperature ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) is surveyed and reported. The pattern of self-assembly behaviour and mesophase formation is strikingly similar to that observed in water, even including the existence of a lower consolute boundary or cloud point. The only quantitative difference from water is that longer alkyl chains are necessary to drive the formation of liquid crystalline mesophases in EAN, suggesting that a rich pattern of "solvophobic" self-assembly should exist in this solvent. 相似文献
66.
Sameer Chavda Elliot Coulbeck Gregory S. Coumbarides Marco Dingjan Jason Eames Stephanos Ghilagaber Yonas Yohannes 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2006,17(24):3386-3399
The resolution of 2-phenylpropanoyl chloride using an equimolar combination of quasi-enantiomeric oxazolidinones is discussed. The levels of diastereoselectivity were found to be dependent upon the structural nature of the metallated oxazolidinone, temperature and metal counter-ion. 相似文献
67.
Internally consistent assignments of the 31P-{1H} NMR parameters of the complexes [Pt(RCCR′)(PPh3)2] are proposed, based on the premise that the magnitude of 1J(PtP) depends mainly on the nature of the moiety CR trans to P. For a given R, 2J(PP) correlates with 1J(PtP) for thebond trans to CR. The alkynes PhCCSnEt3, PhCCSnPh3, Me3SiCCCl, Me3SiCCBr, Et3SiCCI and MeCCI undergo oxidative addition reactions with [Pt(C2H4)(PPh3)2]; the intermediate alkyne complex was detected for PhCCSnEt3, Me3SiCCCl and Me3CCBr. The triyne Me(CC)3Me forms platinum(0) complexes by coordination with the central or terminal CC bond and appears also to give a platinum(II) complex by oxidative addition. 相似文献
68.
Michielin O Zoete V Gierasch TM Eckstein J Napper A Verdine G Karplus M 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2002,124(37):11131-11141
A conformational analysis of a stereochemically complete set of peptide analogues based on a cis-enediol unit is presented. The cis-enediol unit, which can replace a two or a three amino acid segment of a peptide, contains two "side chains", four asymmetrical carbon atoms, and six free dihedral angles. To determine the accessible conformational space, the molecules are divided into three fragments, each containing two free dihedral angles. The energy surfaces are computed for all dihedral angle values, and the possible conformations of the cis-enediol unit analogues are built using all combinations of the surface minima. Such a "build-up" procedure, which is very fast, is able to reproduce 75% of the minima obtained from a full dihedral angle exploration of the conformational space. The cis-enediol unit minima are compared with the corresponding di- and tripeptide minima; all peptide minima can be closely matched by a cis-enediol unit minimum of low energy (less than 2.2 kcal/mol above the lowest energy conformer). However, there are low energy minima of the cis-enediol unit that have no corresponding minima in peptides. The results are shown to depend strongly on the chirality of the analogues. The ability of each of the stereoisomers to mimic natural peptides, evaluated by the present approach, is correlated with its experimental activity in a renin inhibition assay. 相似文献
69.
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF MEROCYANINE 540 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fritz Sieber Jill M. O'Brien Gregory J. Krueger Sheri L. Schober William H. Burns Saul J. Sharkis Lyle L. Sensenbrenner 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1987,46(5):707-711
Abstract Simultaneous exposure to the lipophilic dye merocyanine 540 (MC 540) and white light inactivates several enveloped viruses. The same treatment appears to have little or no effect on pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells, mature red cells, and mature leukocytes. At least some components of the clotting system are spared, too. The molecular basis of the virucidal effect of MC 540 and light is not yet completely understood. Based on what is known about the interactions of MC 540 with cells and artificial membranes, it seems likely that MC 540 binds to and damages the viral envelope. MC 540-mediated photosensitization may have implications for the sterilization of bone marrow and blood products, the preparation of vaccines, and selected areas of antiviral therapy. 相似文献
70.
We report on the catalytic effects by alkali-metal ions in the ethanolysis of p-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate, in continuation of our studies on alkali-metal ion catalysis and inhibition in nucleophilic displacement reactions at carbon, phosphorus and sulfur centres. The following selectivity order of catalytic reactivity was observed for nucleophilic displacement at the phosphorus center with p-nitrophenoxide as leaving group: Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Cs+. A minor reaction pathway with phenoxide leaving was also found. The kobs data have been dissected into reaction pathways by free ions (kEtO) and by ion pairs (kMOEt), with the latter being dominant, in a 4-membered transition-state. Further analysis is given in terms of initial-state and transition-state stabilization by the alkali-metal ions in terms of the Eisenman model (electrostatic interaction vs. desolvation). Results of ab-initio MO calculations are presented based on interaction between M+ and a model bipyramidal phosphorane intermediate and compared with the sulfurane analogue. 相似文献