Measurements of B decays to two kaons

We report measurements of B meson decays to two kaons using 253 fb(-1) of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e+ e- collider. We find evidence for signals in B+ --> K0 K+ and B0 --> K0 K0 with significances of 3.0sigma and 3.5sigma, respectively. (Charge-conjugate modes are included.) The corresponding branching fractions are measured to be [symbol: see text](B+ --> K0 K+) = (1.0 +/- 0.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(-6) and [symbol: see text](B0 --> K0 K0) = (0.8 +/- 0.3 +/- 0.1) x 10(-6). These decay modes are examples of hadronic bd transitions. No signal is observed in the decay B0 --> K+ K-, and we set an upper limit of 3.7 x 10(-7) at 90% confidence level.     

Structure-selective dye uptake into an aggregate of a copolymer with linear polyelectrolyte block and hydrophobic block carrying pendant dendritic moiety in water

Selective uptake of various dyes into an aggregate of amphiphilic copolymer consisting of a hydrophilic linear polyelectrolyte block and hydrophobic block carrying pendant dendritic moiety has been investigated in water. The copolymer associated into an aggregate with a hydrophobic interior at concentrations above 0.2 mg cm(-3). The uptake (23 and 36 molecules per aggregate, respectively) of pyrene and Oil Yellow in an aggregate was one order higher than that of benzo[a]pyrene and SudanIII. The hydrophobic dyes are always doped in the interior of the aggregate, but the difference in uptake among dyes may depend on their structure. Even if a large number of guest molecules was doped into the interior of an aggregate, the size of the sphere-like aggregate was conserved. It is suggested that guest molecules are encapsulated into the persisting cavity within and between hydrophobic dendron moieties in an aggregate. Structure-selective uptake reported in this investigation is a unique character of an aggregate of copolymer with dendron moiety because the dendron moiety offers a large void for doping.     

Application of charge-coupled device technology for measurement of laser light and fluorescence distribution in tumors for photodynamic therapy

Laser and fluorescence light distributions with applications for photodynamic therapy were measured in mouse tumors using a non-invasive electronic optical imaging system. The system consists of a liquid-nitrogen-cooled, charge-coupled-device (CCD) array camera under computer control with 576 x 384 detection elements having dimensions of 23 microns x 23 microns. The available dynamic range of the array is approx. 10(3), and the effective wavelength range is 400-1000 nm. An interstitially placed cylindrical diffusing optical fiber was used to provide tumor illumination. The light distribution pattern from the fiber was determined by immersing the cylindrical diffusing tip in a fluorescing solution and recording the emission image. Fluorescence imaging facilitates an accurate measurement of light intensity distribution while avoiding problems associated with the directional nature of other detection methods used with diffusing fibers. Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors on C3H mice were grown to about 1 cm diameter for in vivo recording of light distribution from the tumor volume and for determination of effective light penetration distance at 18 wavelengths in the range 458-995 nm. Endogenous tumor fluorescence and Photofrin II fluorescence intensity were measured over the wavelength range 585-725 nm to investigate the possible application of CCD imaging technology for drug distribution measurements. Model experiments were begun to evaluate the relative importance of potential distortions of light distribution measurements using this approach.     

The Klein-Gordon operator in conformal space

We consider the Minkowski space M₄ as a local chart of a compact differentiable pseudo-Riemannian manifold M⁴_c, on which the whole conformal group $\text{O(2, 4)}\text{Z}{}_2$ acts continuously. We investigate the conditions under which functions or differential operators on the space M₄ can be uniquely continued to the conformal manifold M⁴_c. This is done by using methods well-known in the theory of differentiable manifolds. In particular, we show that the Klein-Gordon operator □+m² can be uniquely continued to the space M⁴_c and we discuss the conformal invariance of the Klein-Gordon equation on the manifold M⁴_c.     

Crystal and molecular structure of 1-(p-bromobenzoyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline

Crystals of the title compound, C₁₇H₁₆BrNO, are monoclinic, space groupP2₁/n, unit-cell parametersa = 14.48,b = 6.20,c = 16.72 Å, and = 97.35 °. Three-dimensional data were collected with CuK radiation using an automatic diffractometer. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by block diagonal least squares to anR index of 0.088 for 2210 reflections. The main features obtained from our studies are (i) the C=O group is orientedanti to the benzene ring, in agreement with the nmr studies; (ii) the C(2) proton is equatorial while the methyl group at C(2) is in an axial position, also in agreement with nmr data. The bromobenzoyl ring and the benzene ring are at 64 ° to each other, while the carbonyl >C=O and the bromobenzoyl groupsBr are at 42 ° to each other.