全文获取类型
收费全文 | 93802篇 |
免费 | 12504篇 |
国内免费 | 8992篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 48035篇 |
晶体学 | 677篇 |
力学 | 4762篇 |
综合类 | 526篇 |
数学 | 8706篇 |
物理学 | 26357篇 |
无线电 | 26235篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 371篇 |
2023年 | 2171篇 |
2022年 | 2677篇 |
2021年 | 3335篇 |
2020年 | 3231篇 |
2019年 | 3031篇 |
2018年 | 2683篇 |
2017年 | 2512篇 |
2016年 | 3672篇 |
2015年 | 3947篇 |
2014年 | 4744篇 |
2013年 | 6187篇 |
2012年 | 7349篇 |
2011年 | 7492篇 |
2010年 | 5409篇 |
2009年 | 5457篇 |
2008年 | 5709篇 |
2007年 | 5230篇 |
2006年 | 5013篇 |
2005年 | 4385篇 |
2004年 | 3350篇 |
2003年 | 2719篇 |
2002年 | 2416篇 |
2001年 | 2141篇 |
2000年 | 2061篇 |
1999年 | 2214篇 |
1998年 | 1963篇 |
1997年 | 1692篇 |
1996年 | 1694篇 |
1995年 | 1524篇 |
1994年 | 1369篇 |
1993年 | 1201篇 |
1992年 | 1071篇 |
1991年 | 908篇 |
1990年 | 741篇 |
1989年 | 595篇 |
1988年 | 475篇 |
1987年 | 398篇 |
1986年 | 347篇 |
1985年 | 336篇 |
1984年 | 237篇 |
1983年 | 203篇 |
1982年 | 170篇 |
1981年 | 129篇 |
1980年 | 91篇 |
1979年 | 63篇 |
1978年 | 62篇 |
1976年 | 60篇 |
1975年 | 61篇 |
1973年 | 67篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Yaping Chen Dr. Kun Rui Prof. Jixin Zhu Prof. Shi Xue Dou Dr. Wenping Sun 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(3):703-713
Developing clean and sustainable energies as alternatives to fossil fuels is in strong demand within modern society. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the efficiency-limiting process in plenty of key renewable energy systems, such as electrochemical water splitting and rechargeable metal–air batteries. In this regard, ongoing efforts have been devoted to seeking high-performance electrocatalysts for enhanced energy conversion efficiency. Apart from traditional precious-metal-based catalysts, nickel-based compounds are the most promising earth-abundant OER catalysts, attracting ever-increasing interest due to high activity and stability. In this review, the recent progress on nickel-based oxide and (oxy)hydroxide composites for water oxidation catalysis in terms of materials design/synthesis and electrochemical performance is summarized. Some underlying mechanisms to profoundly understand the catalytic active sites are also highlighted. In addition, the future research trends and perspectives on the development of Ni-based OER electrocatalysts are discussed. 相似文献
32.
Development of an LC‐MS/MS method for determining the pharmacokinetics of clonidine following oral administration of Zhenju antihypertensive compound 下载免费PDF全文
Jing Qin Limin Wang Lihong Wu Jun Chen Teng Shen Yongji Li Limei Han Jianxin Wang 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2015,29(7):1068-1075
Zhenju antihypertensive compound (ZJAHC) is a combined Chinese–Western medicine formula including clonidine (CLO), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), rutin, Chrysanthemum indicum extract and pearl powder. Compared with CLO preparations, ZJAHC shows improved activities and decreased adverse effects. It is believed that the side effects of CLO are caused by its high peak plasma concentration. Hence, study of the influence of ZJAHC on the pharmacokinetic behaviors of clonidine seems essential. In present study, the plasma concentrations of CLO were determined with a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method. The MS/MS transitions monitored for clonidine and internal standard were 230.2 → 213.1 and 152.2 → 110.2, respectively. The analyte was quantified in a single run within 3 min. The pharmacokinetic study showed that the area under the plasma concentration–time curve of CLO in ZJAHC (60 µg/kg CLO) was similar to that of CLO‐HCT‐high (120 µg/kg CLO) but the peak concentration was much lower than that in CLO‐HCT‐high. ZJAHC could enhance the bioavailability without greatly increasing peak concentration of clonidine. This comprehensive effect of enhancing the bioavailability and avoiding the high peak plasma concentration for CLO might mainly result from the co‐contribution of Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), while the effect of TCM was stronger than that of Western medicine. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
33.
Ping Chen Yanhong Hao Xinxin Wang Prof. Dr. Dan Yuan Prof. Dr. Yingming Yao Prof. Dr. Lutz Ackermann 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(30):7292-7297
Highly position selective alkylations of N-alkylindoles at C7-positions have been enabled by cationic zirconium complexes. The strategy provides a straightforward access to install alkyl groups at C7-positions of indoles without a complex directing group. Mechanistic studies provided support for the importance of Brønsted acids in the catalytic manifold. 相似文献
34.
Analysis and architecture design of variable block-size motion estimation for H.264/AVC 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ching-Yeh Chen Shao-Yi Chien Yu-Wen Huang Tung-Chien Chen Tu-Chih Wang Liang-Gee Chen 《IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers》2006,53(3):578-593
Variable block-size motion estimation (VBSME) has become an important video coding technique, but it increases the difficulty of hardware design. In this paper, we use inter-/intra-level classification and various data flows to analyze the impact of supporting VBSME in different hardware architectures. Furthermore, we propose two hardware architectures that can support traditional fixed block-size motion estimation as well as VBSME with less chip area overhead compared to previous approaches. By broadcasting reference pixel rows and propagating partial sums of absolute differences (SADs), the first design has the fewer reference pixel registers and a shorter critical path. The second design utilizes a two-dimensional distortion array and one adder tree with the reference buffer that can maximize the data reuse between successive searching candidates. The first design is suitable for low resolution or a small search range, and the second design has advantages of supporting a high degree of parallelism and VBSME. Finally, we propose an eight-parallel SAD tree with a shared reference buffer for H.264/AVC integer motion estimation (IME). Its processing ability is eight times of the single SAD tree, but the reference buffer size is only doubled. Moreover, the most critical issue of H.264 IME, which is huge memory bandwidth, is overcome. We are able to save 99.9% off-chip memory bandwidth and 99.22% on-chip memory bandwidth. We demonstrate a 720-p, 30-fps solution at 108 MHz with 330.2k gate count and 208k bits on-chip memory. 相似文献
35.
针对国外变频器价格昂贵、调试周期和维修周期长等特点,我公司自主研发了可替代进口机的高性能钻机国产专用变频器。该变频器能够从零开始调速。当钻井卡钻时,能及时断开电动机,在低速提升时,能最大限度地发挥电动机的动力特性,提供220%的转矩输出。变频器具有易安装、调试、维护,性能稳定。应用中据实测数据显示,采用变频改造后,打1口井可节省柴油15t。 相似文献
36.
对许多企业而言,不仅需要能够简单部署的安全远程访问解决方案,而且还需要能够紧密地与企业已投资的身份管理系统进行集成的解决方案。为了满足安全远程访问的实时需求,SafeNet最近推出了无边界安全企业级访问服务器(Borderless SecurityEnterprise Access Server)。该产品不仅具备SSL VPN功能,而且利用特殊配置及设定来满足大型企业的严苛要求(快速建立安全存取控制解决方案,并提供迅速的ROI)。该产品安装在稳固且高效能的1U装置中,将IPSec及SSL VPN、稳固的用户认证、多方授权、端点安全兼容检查以及广泛的认证功能整合在一起,… 相似文献
37.
基于ISO/IEC17799标准建立了一个综合的信息系统风险分析框架,并运用模糊多准则决策(FMCDM)方法计算信息安全风险,根据风险等级矩阵(RLM)对信息资产风险进行级别划分,最终建立评估信息资产相关风险的完整模型。 相似文献
38.
39.
Tsung-Hui Huang Han-Jan Chen Chin-Sheng Chang Lih-Shan Chen Yeong-Her Wang Mau-Phon Houng 《Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE》2006,16(6):360-362
In this letter, a novel compact ring dual-mode with adjustable second-passband for dual-band applications are presented. A ring resonator with two different geometric dimensions are derived and designed to have identical fundamental and the first higher-order resonant frequencies, and to establish appropriate couplings in the structure. Moreover, the proposed filter has smaller size as compared with the basic topology of stopband filters and stepped-impedance-resonator (SIR) filters. The measured filter performance is in good agreement with the simulated response. 相似文献
40.
Biao Chen Hao Wang 《Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on》2004,52(7):2047-2057
Blind deterministic estimation of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frequency offset via oversampling is proposed in this paper. This method utilizes the intrinsic phase shift of neighboring sample points incurred by the frequency offset that is common among all subcarriers. The proposed method is data efficient - it requires only a single OFDM symbol to achieve reliable estimation, hence making it more suitable to systems with stringent delay requirement and mobility-induced channel variation. The proposed scheme is devised to perfectly retrieve frequency offset in the absence of noise. Quite remarkably, we show that in the presence of channel noise, this intuitive scheme is indeed the maximum likelihood estimate of the carrier frequency offset. The possible presence of virtual carriers are also accommodated in the system model, and some interesting observations are obtained. The Cramer-Rao lower bound is derived for the oversampling-based signal model, and we show through numerical simulation that the proposed algorithm is efficient. Practical issues such as identifiability, the front-end filter bandwidth, and the possible presence of correlated noises are also carefully addressed. 相似文献