全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11273篇 |
免费 | 2047篇 |
国内免费 | 1477篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5094篇 |
晶体学 | 214篇 |
力学 | 427篇 |
综合类 | 149篇 |
数学 | 806篇 |
物理学 | 3113篇 |
无线电 | 4994篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 46篇 |
2023年 | 244篇 |
2022年 | 396篇 |
2021年 | 469篇 |
2020年 | 457篇 |
2019年 | 460篇 |
2018年 | 434篇 |
2017年 | 478篇 |
2016年 | 560篇 |
2015年 | 689篇 |
2014年 | 780篇 |
2013年 | 982篇 |
2012年 | 1093篇 |
2011年 | 1063篇 |
2010年 | 869篇 |
2009年 | 872篇 |
2008年 | 854篇 |
2007年 | 762篇 |
2006年 | 647篇 |
2005年 | 597篇 |
2004年 | 423篇 |
2003年 | 312篇 |
2002年 | 269篇 |
2001年 | 223篇 |
2000年 | 187篇 |
1999年 | 137篇 |
1998年 | 66篇 |
1997年 | 72篇 |
1996年 | 71篇 |
1995年 | 65篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 35篇 |
1992年 | 35篇 |
1991年 | 26篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 13 毫秒
91.
为了满足复杂的工程现场环境对相敏光时域反射仪(φ-OTDR)的各项性能指标的需求,提出基于自适应卡尔曼滤波(AKF)和频分复用(FDM)的高性能φ-OTDR,利用FDM提升系统的频响带宽,引入AKF对线性响应于外界振动的相位状态的噪声统计特性进行实时估计和修正,抑制了衰落和串扰导致的相位失真。实验结果表明,改进后φ-OTDR系统的传感线性度被有效提升,系统本底噪声降低到-83.7dB2/Hz,应变分辨率达到了0.28pε/Hz1/2。 相似文献
92.
为了能够在复杂环境下实现风速风向的高精度和高稳定性测量,在基于声学共振原理的风传感器系统的基础上,采用闭环控制扫描技术改进了系统的性能指标。采用声学共振的方式,同时对换能器产生的信号进行频率调制和强度调制,实现对超声换能器的线型扫描。频率调制解决了在不同压力、温度等环境因素影响下导致的共振频移的问题,强度调制解决了换能器性能随时间衰减问题,极大地提高了信噪比。实验结果表明,采用闭环控制的方法可以准确测量风速风向。风速测量范围0~50 m/s,风速测量精度为±0.5 m/s(≤15m/s)/±5%(>15 m/s且<35 m/s)/±9%(>35 m/s)。改进后的系统在复杂环境下受环境变化影响小、精度高、稳定性好、抗干扰能力强。 相似文献
93.
Yuntong Guo Zhenyu Chen Jinfeng Ge Jintao Zhu Jinna Zhang Yuanyuan Meng Qinrui Ye Shijie Wang Fei Chen Wei Ma Ziyi Ge 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(47):2305611
Material design of guest acceptor is always a big challenge for improving the efficiency of ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a pair of isomeric nonfullerene acceptors based on quinoxaline core, Qx–p-C7H8O and Qx–m-C7H8O, is designed and synthesized. By moving the alkoxy chain attached on side phenyl from meta-position to para-position, both π–π stacking distance and crystallinity are enhanced simultaneously. They obtain the uplifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. Compared to Qx–m-C7H8O, Qx–p-C7H8O exhibits wider absorption spectrum and higher extinction coefficient. Using D18-Cl:N3 as host materials, the addition of guest acceptor Qx–p-C7H8O significantly improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 17.61% to 18.49% because of higher open-circuit voltage (0.875 V) and short-circuit current density (27.85 mA cm−2). This can be attributed to the faster exciton dissociation, more balanced carrier mobility, fine fiber morphology, and lower energy loss in the ternary devices. However, Qx–m-C7H8O-based ternary device achieves relatively low PCE of 17.17% because this device shows extremely low electron mobility. The results indicate that molecular stacking, film morphology, etc., can be effectively modulated by fine-tuning the side chains of guest materials, which may be an effective design rule for further improving the PCE of OSCs. 相似文献
94.
Xiaobin Zou Haikuan Liang Yan Li Yichao Zou Fei Tian Yong Sun Chengxin Wang 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(18):2213807
Following logic in the silicon semiconductor industry, the existence of native oxide and suitable fabrication technology is essential for 2D semiconductors in planar integronics, which are surface-sensitive to typical coating technologies. To date, very few types of integronics are found to possess this feature. Herein, the 2D Bi2O2Te developed recently is reported to possess large-area synthesis and controllable thermal oxidation behavior toward single-crystal native oxides. This shows that surface-adsorbed oxygen atoms are inclined to penetrate across [Bi2O2]n2n+ layers and bond with the underlying [Te]n2n− at elevated temperatures, transforming directly into [TeO4]n2n− with the basic architecture remaining stable. The oxide can be adjusted to form in an accurate layer-by-layer manner with a low-stress sharp interface. The native oxide Bi2TeO6 layer (bandgap of ≈2.9 eV) exhibits visible-light transparency and is compatible with wet-chemical selective etching technology. These advances demonstrate the potential of Bi2O2Te in planar-integrated functional nanoelectronics such as tunnel junction devices, field-effect transistors, and memristors. 相似文献
95.
Zihao Zhang Zirong He Nan Wang Fengmei Wang Chongyu Du Jiafeng Ruan Qin Li Dalin Sun Fang Fang Fei Wang 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(27):2214648
Rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries are promising energy storage devices because of their low cost, high safety, and high energy density. However, their performance is plagued by the unsatisfied cyclability due to the dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the Zn anode. Herein, it is demonstrated that the concentrated hybrid aqueous/non-aqueous ZnCl2 electrolytes constitute a peculiar chemical environment for not only the Zn-ions but also water molecules. The high concentration of chloride ions substitutes the H2O molecular in the solvation structure of Zn2+, while the acetonitrile further interacts with H2O to decrease its activity. The hybrid electrolytes both inhibit the dendrite formation and HER, enabling an ultrahigh average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% in the Zn||Cu half-cell and a highly reversible Zn plating/stripping with a low overpotential of 21 mV. Using this hybrid electrolyte, the Zn||polytriphenylamine (PTPAn) full cell deliveres a high discharge capacity of 110 mAh g−1, a high power density of 9200 W kg−1 at 100 °C and maintains 85% of the capacity for over 6000 cycles at 10 °C. This study provides a deep understanding between the solvation structure and columbic efficiency of Zn anode, thus inspiring the development for stable Zn batteries. 相似文献
96.
Bolun Li Xi Huang Xiang Wu Qiong Zuo Yunhao Cao Qi Zhu Yaohui Li Yuanhuan Xu Guanhaojie Zheng Dongcheng Chen Xu-Hui Zhu Fei Huang Hongyu Zhen Lintao Hou Jian Qing Wanzhu Cai 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(28):2300216
Quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) perovskites are emerging as one of the most promising materials for photodetectors. However, a significant challenge to Q-2D perovskites for photodetection is their insufficient charge transport ability, which is mainly attributed to their hybrid low-dimensional n-phase structure. This study demonstrates that evenly-distributed 3D-like phases with vertical orientation throughout the film can greatly facilitate charge transport and suppress charge recombination, outperforming the prevalent phase structure with a vertical dimension gradient. Based on such a phase structure, a Q-2D Ruddlesden−Popper perovskite self-powered photodetector achieving a combination of exceptional figures-of-merit is realized, including a responsivity of 0.45 AW−1, a peak specific detectivity of 2.3 × 1013 Jones, a 156 dB linear dynamic range, and a rise/fall time of 2.89 µs/1.93 µs. The desired phase structure is obtained by utilizing a double-hole transport layer (HTL), combining hydrophobic PTAA and hydrophilic PEDOT: PSS. Besides, the dependence of the hybrid low-dimensional phase structure is also identified on the surface energy of the buried HTL substrate. This study gives insight into the correlation between Q-2D perovskites’ phase structure and performance, providing a valuable design guide for Q-2D perovskite-based photodetectors. 相似文献
97.
Dongsheng Xie Yue Zhang Xiyue Yuan Youle Li Fei Huang Yong Cao Chunhui Duan 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(11):2212601
Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their promising prospect in building-integrated photovoltaics. Generally, efficient ST-OSCs with good average visible transmittance (AVT) can be realized by developing active layer materials with light absorption far from the visible light range. Herein, the development of ultrawide bandgap polymer donors with near-ultraviolet absorption, paired with near-infrared acceptors, is proposed to achieve high-performance ST-OSCs. The key points for the design of ultrawide bandgap polymers include constructing donor–donor type conjugated skeleton, suppressing the quinoidal resonance effect, and minimizing the twist of conjugated skeleton via noncovalent conformational locks. As a proof of concept, a polymer named PBOF with an optical bandgap of 2.20 eV is synthesized, which exhibited largely reduced overlap with the human eye photopic response spectrum and afforded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.40% in opaque device. As a result, ST-OSCs with a PCE over 10% and an AVT over 30% are achieved without optical modulation. Moreover, colorful ST-OSCs with visual aesthetics can be achieved by tuning the donor/acceptor weight ratio in active layer benefiting from the ultrawide bandgap nature of PBOF. This study demonstrates the great potential of ultrawide bandgap polymers for efficient colorful ST-OSCs. 相似文献
98.
Jixiang Cai Fei Zhang Mingbo Pu Yan Chen Yinghui Guo Ting Xie Xingdong Feng Baoshan Jiang Xiaoliang Ma Xiong Li Honglin Yu Xiangang Luo 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(19):2212147
Photonic spin-orbit interactions describe the interactions between spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum of photons, which play essential roles in subwavelength optics. However, the influence of frequency dispersion on photonic angular-momentum coupling is rarely studied. Here, by elaborately designing the contribution of the geometric phase and waveguide propagation phase, the dispersion-enabled symmetry switching of photonic angular-momentum coupling is experimentally demonstrated. This notion may induce many exotic phenomena and be found in enormous applications, such as the spin-Hall effect, optical calculation, and wavelength division multiplexing systems. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, two metadevices, a multi-channel vectorial vortex beam generator and a phase-only hologram, are applied to experimentally display optical double convolution, which may offer additional degrees of freedom to accelerate computing and a miniaturization configuration for optical convolution without collimation operation. These results may provide a new opportunity for complex vector optical field manipulation and calculation, optical information coding, light-matter interaction manipulation, and optical communication. 相似文献
99.
Ping Cai Ling Ding Ziming Chen Dianhui Wang Hongliang Peng Changlai Yuan Chaohao Hu Lixian Sun Yuriy N. Luponosov Fei Huang Qifan Xue 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(30):2300113
2D Ti3C2Tx MXene, possessing facile preparation, high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and solution processability, shows good application potential for enhancing device performance of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). In this study, tetrabutylammonium bromide functionalized Ti3C2Tx (TBAB-Ti3C2Tx) is developed as cathode buffer layer (CBL) to regulate the PCBM/Ag cathode interfacial property for the first time. By virtue of the charge transfer from TBAB to Ti3C2Tx demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance and density functional theory, the TBAB-Ti3C2Tx CBL with high electrical conductivity exhibits significantly reduced work function of 3.9 eV, which enables optimization of energy level alignment and enhancement of charge extraction. Moreover, the TBAB-Ti3C2Tx CBL can effectively inhibit the migration of iodine ions from perovskite layer to Ag cathode, which synergistically suppresses defect states and reduce charge recombination. Consequently, utilizing MAPbI3 perovskite without post-treatment, the TBAB-Ti3C2Tx based device exhibits a dramatically improved power conversion efficiency of 21.65% with significantly improved operational stability, which is one of the best efficiencies reported for the devices based on MAPbI3/PCBM with different CBLs. These results indicate that TBAB-Ti3C2Tx shall be a promising CBL for high-performance inverted PVSCs and inspire the further applications of quaternary ammonium functionalized MXenes in PVSCs. 相似文献
100.
Hanfei Li Fei Han Lulu Wang Laixin Huang Oluwarotimi Williams Samuel Hang Zhao Ruijie Xie Ping Wang Qiong Tian Qingsong Li Yang Zhao Mei Yu Jing Sun Ruofan Yang Xiaomeng Zhou Fei Li Guanglin Li Yi Lu Peizhi Guo Zhiyuan Liu 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(29):2300859
Stretchable ultra-narrow (e.g., 10 µm in width) microelectrodes are crucial for the electrophysiological monitoring of single cells providing the fundamental understanding to the working mechanism of neuro network or other electrically functional cells. Current fabrication strategies either focus on the preparation of normal stretchable electrodes with hundreds of micrometers or millimeters in width by using inorganic conductive materials or develop conductive organic polymer gel for ultra-narrow electrodes which suffer from low stretchability and instability for long-term implantation, therefore, it is still highly desirable to explore bio-interfacial ultra-narrow stretchable inorganic electrodes. Herein, a hybrid strategy is reported to prepare ultra-narrow multi-channel stretchable microelectrodes without using photolithography or laser-assisting etching. A 10 µm × 10 µm monitoring window is fabricated with enhanced interfacial impedance by the special rough surface. The stretchability achieves to 120% for this 10 µm-width stretchable electrode. Supported by these superior properties, it is demonstrated that the stretchable microelectrodes can detect electrophysiological signals of single cells in vitro and collect electrophysiological signals more precisely in vivo. The reported strategy will open up the accessible preparation of the fine-size stretchable microelectrode. It will significantly improve the resolution of monitoring and stimulation of inorganic stretchable electrodes. 相似文献