A left-handed composite medium based on waveguiding structures with a bianisotropic filling

A new composite medium based on waveguiding structures loaded with bianisotropic gratings of planar double split rings (PDSRs) and planar helices is considered. The microwave transmission spectra of this medium are studied experimentally. The effective parameters of the medium are determined theoretically, and its passbands are investigated. The characteristics of the medium are compared to those of infinite homogeneous bianisotropic media. A relationship between the spectral transmission characteristics and the type of resonance excitation is established. The transparency bands and overforbidden bands of the composite medium are revealed. The combinations of the medium’s effective parameters that correspond to these bands are determined. It is shown that the transparency bands where the medium is characterized simultaneously by negative permittivity and negative permeability can be identified.     

Electrical and photoelectric properties of electrochemically fabricated SnO2/Cd0.4Zn0.6S/CdTe solar cells

Solar cells based on SnO₂/Cd_0.4Zn_0.6S/CdTe heterostructures are fabricated by electrochemical deposition, and the dependences of their electrical and photoelectric properties on the thermal annealing conditions are studied. It is shown that thermal annealing reduces the tunnel currents by almost two orders of magnitude. The best conditions of thermal annealing are determined (t = 300°C and τ = 9 min). These conditions provide the highest photosensitivity of the heterostructures under study (I _sc ≈ 21.2 mA/cm², U _oc ≈ 813 mV, and η = 14.7%).     

NANODEV: A Nanoelectronic-Device Simulation Software System

The concept and structure of the NANODEV simulation software are described. NANODEV deals with nanoelectronic devices that exploit single-electron tunneling, resonant tunneling, or quantum interference. It can use both simplified and sophisticated models and enables one to evaluate a wide variety of devices and configurations. The capabilities of NANODEV are illustrated by examples.     

Low supply voltage high-performance CMOS current mirror with low input and output voltage requirements

This paper presents a scheme for the efficient implementation of a low supply voltage continuous-time high-performance CMOS current mirror with low input and output voltage requirements. This circuit combines a shunt input feedback and a regulated cascode output stage to achieve low input resistance and very high output resistance. It can be used as a high-precision current mirror in analog and mixed signal circuits with a power supply close to a transistor's threshold voltage. The proposed current mirror has been simulated and a bandwidth of 40 MHz has been obtained. An experimental chip prototype has been sent for fabrication and has been experimentally verified, obtaining 0.15-V input-output voltage requirements, 100-/spl Omega/ input resistance, and more than 200-M/spl Omega/ (G/spl Omega/ ideally) output resistance with a 1.2-V supply in a standard CMOS technology.     

High-temperature fibre Bragg grating thermometer

The use of gratings written in tin-doped silica fibres as a thermometer for high-temperature applications is described. Measurements up to ~800°C show a significant advantage over conventional fibre gratings. A considerable blue-shift has been observed at high temperatures. If corrections for blue-shift are taken into account, the errors are smaller than ~2°C     

Exact pairwise error probability of space-time codes

We describe a simple technique for the numerical calculation, within any desired degree of accuracy, of the pairwise error probability (PEP) of space-time codes over fading channels. This method applies also to the calculation of E[Q(√ξ)] for any nonnegative random variable ξ whose moment-generating function Φ_ξ(s)=E[exp(-sξ)] is known. Its application to the multiple antenna independent Rayleigh-fading channel and to the Rayleigh block fading channel is discussed, and illustrated by two simple examples     

Parameters for the inclined-path sensing of molecular hydrogen in the atmosphere by lidar with a YAG:Nd laser

The lidar equation for the vibrational backscattering of neodymium laser radiation and its harmonics by hydrogen molecules is solved numerically. Inclined paths in the atmosphere are investigated with the aim of selecting the transmitter wavelength for detecting the lowest concentrations of hydrogen. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 68, 20–22 (January 1998)     

Electrostatic field of a thin, unclosed spherical shell and a torus

The electrostatic problem for a thin, unclosed spherical shell and a torus is reduced to paired summation equations in the Legendre polynomials by means of formulas relating the spherical and toroidal harmonic functions. The paired equations are transformed to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Formulas are obtained for computing the charges of the conductors in the form of a series in a small parameter. The capacitance is computed for certain geometrical parameters of the conductors. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 68, 1–6 (July 1998)     

Novel level-identifying circuit for flash multilevel memories

This paper presents a high-speed, small-area circuit specifically designed to identify the levels in the read out operation of a flash multilevel memory. The circuit is based on the analog computation of the Euclidean distance between the current read out from a memory cell and the reference currents that represent the different logic levels. An experimental version of the circuit has been integrated in a standard double-metal 0.7-μm CMOS process with a die area of only 140×100 μm². Operating under a 5-V power supply, this circuit identifies the read-out current of a memory cell, and associates it with the appropriate logic level in 9 ns