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791.
Fe(II)--Fe(III) hydroxy-chloride, -sulphate and -carbonate were prepared by oxidation of a ferrous hydroxide precipitate in anion-containing aqueous solutions. The compounds are characterized by monitoring the redox potential Eh and the pH of stochiometric suspension vs time with the appropriate concentration ratios. X-ray diffraction allows us to characterize the crystal structure by distinguishing “green rust one” (GR1) from “green rust two” (GR2). Since green rusts (GRs) are of a pyroaurite-sjögrenite-like structure, i.e., consisting of intercalated foreign anions and water molecules in the interlayers between the brucite-like layers of Fe(OH)2, their chemical formulae can be determined from the Mössbauer spectra. Three quadrupole doublets are observed: D1 and D2 correspond to a ferrous state with isomershift IS of about 1.27 mm s-1 and quadrupole splittings QS of about 2.85 and 2.60 mm s-1, respectively, whereas D3 corresponds to a ferric state with IS and QS of about 0.4 mm s-1. The hyperfine parameters of these doublets are similar from one green rust to another but their intensity ratios vary considerably. Finally, Eh and pH equilibrium diagrams of the Fe species in the presence of chloride, sulphate and carbonate anions contained within the water solution are drawn and the thermodynamic conditions of existence and degrees of oxidation of green rusts are discussed. 相似文献
792.
M. M. Mezdrogina A. V. Abramov G. N. Mosina I. N. Trapeznikova A. V. Patsekin 《Semiconductors》1998,32(5):555-561
The decrease in the density of dangling silicon-silicon bonds in a-Si:H films as a result of annealing in an atomic-hydrogen atmosphere is determined by their density in the initial (nonannealed)
film. The change in the total hydrogen density in a-Si:H films, annealed in an atomic-hydrogen atmosphere, is determined by the type of silicon-hydrogen bonds and the impurity
content: The hydrogen content can decrease to 1 at. % in the presence of monohydride bonds (2020 cm−1) and no change is observed in the hydrogen content in the presence of oxygen (≲0.1 at. %). A decrease in the defect density
as a result of annealing in an atomic-hydrogen atmosphere is observed for all films. The Staebler-Wronski effect — AM-1 irradiation
for 10 h — is observed for all films irrespective of the total hydrogen density, the type of silicon-hydrogen bonds, and the
presence of oxygen.
Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 32, 620–626 (May 1998) 相似文献
793.
G. F. Brand 《Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves》1996,17(7):1253-1262
The transmission of millimeter waves through a semiconductor changes according to the amount of light falling on it. In the experiments reported here, a pattern of light and shadow is projected onto a sheet of semiconductor and the regions of greater and lesser transmission serve as a diffracting object for a millimeter-wave beam. The light source is a quartz tungsten halogen lamp. A lock-in amplifier is employed to overcome difficulties due to the differences in transmitted power being small. 相似文献
794.
A tight upper bound on the decoding error probability is derived for block-coded modulation structures where an M-ary phase shift keying (M-PSK) signal constellation is employed. This bound, called a tangential sphere bound, is tight for very low (as well as for high) signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Berlekamp's tangential union bound, previously derived for binary codes, can be derived for an M-PSK block coded modulation structure as well. However, it is proven that our tangential sphere bound is tighter than Berlekamp's (1980) tangential bound. For particular schemes, it is shown that for low SNRs our bound is considerably tighter than the tangential bound. As one of the examples, a multistage decoder is considered 相似文献
795.
796.
797.
798.
P. G. Frayne 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1992,13(5):713-720
At microwave frequencies, frequent use is made in circuit design of the electrical properties of short lengths of resistively terminated transmission line. It will be shown in the following contribution that circuits based on high frequency distributed lines can usefully be modelled at low audio frequencies using lumped element lines. 相似文献
799.
Rate (n -1)/n punctured convolutional codes are very effective in conjunction with embedded differential pulse code modulation (EDPCM) in variable-bit-rate speech transmission. The authors investigate the performance of this variable-bit-rate EDPCM system in terms of probability of bit error and audio signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) versus channel SNR in an additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading channel using soft-decision decoding for specific sets of code generators of punctured convolutional codes. The results show that different sets of code generators affect the performance in terms of both the probability of bit error and the audio SNR. Improvements were obtained in the cases of Gaussian nonfading and Rayleigh fading channels using soft-decision decoding 相似文献
800.
Zemon S. Pedersen B. Lambert G. Miniscalco W.J. Hall B.T. Folweiler R.C. Thompson B.A. Andrews L.J. 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》1992,4(3):244-247
The performance of Nd3+-doped fibre amplifiers is limited by strong excited-state absorption (ESA) of the signal, and, even for fluorozirconate glasses, ESA prevents the important region below 1320 nm from being used. To quantify this limitation and explore alternative host materials, ESA and stimulated-emission cross sections have been measured for a representative group of glass compositions. These parameters have been used in an accurate fiber-amplifier model to provide the first quantitative comparisons of performance for Nd3+ -doped glasses in the 1300-nm band as a function of host 相似文献