The characteristics of lanthanide coordination catalysts and the cis-polydienes prepared therewith

The stereoregularity of polydienes is almost the same in regard to the individual elements of the lanthanide series, whereas the activity of the Ln catalysts in diene polymerization varies from one to the other within the series. The latter may be attributed to the difference in the number of electrons that occupy the 4f orbitals. It has been proved that the polymerization of dienes with Ln catalysts under certain conditions proceeds by a “living polymer” mechanism. With regard to the polymerization of butadiene, the most active catalyst is a Nd³⁺species a new binary system of NdCl₃-3ROH + AlR₃ has been discovered. The cis- 1,4 content in polybutadiene is about 97% and the 1,2 content, less than 1%. For the polymerization of isoprene with a Nd³⁺ catalyst system, the effects of ligand and alkyl groups in AIR₃ on cis-1,4 content (ca. 95%) in polyisoprene can be neglected. For the copolymerization of butadiene and isoprene, the cis-1,4 contents of these two monomeric units in the copolymer are greater than 95% the reactivity ratios r₁ and r₂ are determined. and the T_g's of the copolymers of various compositions deviate slightly from the calculated values for random copolymers. A linear relationship exists between the yield strength from the stress-strain curve of Ln-polvbutadiene and its [n] This relationship is verified by Ln-polyisoprene and natural rubber but different slopes are obtained     

苯乙烯-p-乙烯基苯甲酸两亲性嵌段共聚物在乙醇中自组装行为的电镜观察

两亲性嵌段共聚物在只对其中一链段为良溶剂的选择性溶剂中 ,能够自组装形成胶束 .胶束的形态和尺寸大小依赖于两链段的性质 ,共聚物的组成、浓度、溶剂的性质等[1] .这一性质使得嵌段共聚物在分子识别、药物和其他物质的输送、基因疗法、水系涂料、污染物的除去、纳米复合材料的制备、催化剂以及传感器等方面展示着潜在的应用前景 .因此 ,两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成及其在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为的研究近年来颇受关注[2 ] .依据两链段的比例不同 ,嵌段共聚物可形成星状胶束和“板寸头”(Ｃｒｅｗ ｃｕｔ)型胶束[3 ] .当可溶段远比不溶段长时…     

Sensing Mechanism of Excited-State Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond for Phthalimide:Indispensable Role of Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Main observation and conclusion Excited-state hydrogen bond strongly affects the intramolecular charge conversion process,which is very suitable for the design ...     

固态氦的理论等温压缩线

 基于团簇理论并计及邻近和次邻近原子对中心原子的屏蔽作用，我们用完全量子力学方法计算了hcp结构固态氦的原子多体作用排斥势和等温压缩线。计算结果与5~25 GPa范围的静高压实验结果吻合较好。表明本文方法与过去提出的原子相互作用势相比，是合理的和比较好的。本文还对Aziz二体势、Loubeyre三体势和Ross和Young等效势的局限性做了讨论。     

镁合金表面镧、钐稀土防护膜研究

利用化学转化处理在AZ31镁合金表面制备两种非铈稀土防护膜--镧膜和钐膜.采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)方法评定膜层的防护效果,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散谱(EDS)表征膜层的表面形貌及组成.结果表明:镁合金表面镧、钐转化膜均由相应的稀土氢氧化物/氧化物及基体金属氢氧化物/氧化物组成;镧转化膜均匀、致密,对基体金属防护效果好,而钐转化膜呈碎片状,部分覆盖基体表面,防护作用很弱.初步探讨了成膜机制.     

A MOF Glass Membrane for Gas Separation

Metal–organic framework (MOF) glasses are promising candidates for membrane fabrication due to their significant porosity, the ease of processing, and most notably, the potential to eliminate the grain boundary that is unavoidable for polycrystalline MOF membranes. Herein, we developed a ZIF‐62 MOF glass membrane and exploited its intrinsic gas‐separation properties. The MOF glass membrane was fabricated by melt‐quenching treatment of an in situ solvothermally synthesized polycrystalline ZIF‐62 MOF membrane on a porous ceramic alumina support. The molten ZIF‐62 phase penetrated into the nanopores of the support and eliminated the formation of intercrystalline defects in the resultant glass membrane. The molecular sieving ability of the MOF membrane is remarkably enhanced via vitrification. The separation factors of the MOF glass membrane for H₂/CH₄, CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ mixtures are 50.7, 34.5, and 36.6, respectively, far exceeding the Robeson upper bounds.     

深共熔溶剂在有机反应中的应用

深共熔溶剂(DES)作为一种低共熔混合物,由于具有廉价易得、蒸汽压低、无毒性、不易燃、可生物降解、可调控以及易循环使用等优点,逐渐成为一种新型的绿色溶剂或催化剂。本文介绍了DES的组成、分类,重点综述了DES作为溶剂或催化剂应用于常见的加成、取代、偶联、缩合、环化、酯化、多组分及解聚等有机反应。最后展望了DES在有机反应中的发展前景。     

电化学阻抗谱法研究Cu_6Sn_5合金负极相变过程

以粗糙铜箔为基底,采用一步电沉积法获得Cu-Sn合金,X射线衍射(XRD)测试结果显示其主要为Cu6Sn5合金相.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试结果表明该合金表面由大量"小岛"组成,且每个"小岛"上存在大量纳米合金粒子.充放电测试结果表明,以该合金为锂离子电池负极,其初始放电(嵌锂)和充电(脱锂)容量分别为461和405 mAh·g-1.电化学阻抗谱测试结果显示,Cu6Sn5合金电极在阴极极化过程中分别出现了代表固体电解质界面膜(SEI膜)阻抗、电荷传递阻抗和相变阻抗的圆弧,并详细分析了它们的变化规律.     

Novel nanocomposite pervaporation membranes composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan-wrapped carbon nanotube

Novel nanocomposite membranes (PVA–CNT(CS)) were prepared by incorporating chitosan-wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). To further explore the intrinsic correlation between pervaporation performance and free volume characteristics, molecular dynamics simulation was first introduced to qualitatively analyze the contribution of carbon nanotube incorporation on improving free volume characteristics of the nanocomposite membranes. Secondly, the pervaporation performance of PVA–CNT(CS) nanocomposite membranes was investigated using permeation flux and separation factor as evaluating parameters. For benzene/cyclohexane (50/50, w/w) mixtures at 323 K, permeation flux and separation factor of pure PVA membrane are only 20.3 g/(m² h) and 9.6, respectively, while the corresponding values of PVA–CNT(CS) (CNT content: 1%) nanocomposite membrane are 65.9 g/(m² h) and 53.4. In order to explain the simultaneous increase of permeation flux and separation factor, as well as to check the calculation reliability of molecular dynamics simulation, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) analysis was employed.     

Paired Electrocatalytic Oxygenation and Hydrogenation of Organic Substrates with Water as the Oxygen and Hydrogen Source

The use of water as an oxygen and hydrogen source for the paired oxygenation and hydrogenation of organic substrates to produce valuable chemicals is of utmost importance as a means of establishing green chemical syntheses. Inspired by the active Ni³⁺ intermediates involved in electrocatalytic water oxidation by nickel‐based materials, we prepared NiB_x as a catalyst and used water as the oxygen source for the oxygenation of various organic compounds. NiB_x was further employed as both an anode and a cathode in a paired electrosynthesis cell for the respective oxygenation and hydrogenation of organic compounds, with water as both the oxygen and hydrogen source. Conversion efficiency and selectivity of ≥99 % were observed during the oxygenation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid and the simultaneous hydrogenation of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol. This paired electrosynthesis cell has also been coupled to a solar cell as a stand‐alone reactor in response to sunlight.