Optical Burst Transport: A Technology for the WDM Metro Ring Networks

We propose a sublambda traffic-grooming scheme on wavelength-division-multiplexing ring networks, named optical burst transport. The network protocol and architecture are designed to support dynamic bandwidth allocation, which is more reasonable for bursty data traffic. To verify our network protocol and architecture, we build a testbed which supports burst-mode transmission. Also, we transmit streaming video over Ethernet as an application     

Fluorescent molecular sensory system based on bis pyrene-modified gamma-cyclodextrin dimer for steroids and endocrine disruptors.

A gamma-cyclodextrin dimer modified with two pyrene moieties, 6-(2-pyrenebutylate-aminoethyl)pyrenebutylate-amino-6-deoxy-bis-gamma-cyclodextrin, has been synthesized in the presence of N,N'-dicyclohexycarbodiimide from gamma-cyciodextrin dimer linked with ethylenediamine at an upper rim. The sensing ability and binding property of the titled dimer were investigated for bile acids and endocrine disruptors. This cyclodextrin dimer showed both monomer and excimer fluorescence; the guest-induced emissions were observed as increases or decreases depending on the guest. The values deltaI(m)/I0(m) and deltaI(ex)/I0(ex), where I0(m) and I(m) are fluorescence intensities of monomer emission in the absence and presence of a guest and I0(ex) and I(ex) are those of excimer emission and deltaI(m) and deltaI(ex) were I(m) - I0(m) and I(ex) - I0(ex), respectively, were used as a parameter of sensitivity. This host exhibited highly sensitive molecular recognition ability for bile acids and endocrine disruptors, in which the sensing parameters obtained from monomer emission were plus or minus values, whereas the parameters obtained as excimer emission were minus ones. The behavior of the appended moieties of the host during a host-guest complexation was studied by induced circular dichroism (ICD) and fluorescence spectra. The ICD intensities of the titled dimer were decreased upon an addition of a guest. The guest-induced variations in the fluorescence and ICD intensity suggest that the appended moieties move by altering the spatial relationship in the hydrophobic space between two linked cyclodextrins.     

Free Disposal Hull Condition to Verify When Efficiency Coincides with Weak Efficiency

Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications - In solving a multi-objective optimization problem by scalarization techniques, solutions to a scalarized problem are, in general, weakly efficient...     

Densities and Viscosities of Tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) Complex Solutions in Various Solvents

The densities and the viscosities of tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) solutions in acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrachloromethane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene were measured in the dilute concentration regions at several temperatures ranging from 278 to 313 K under ambient pressure. The partial molar volumes of the solvents and solute were calculated. They are independent of concentration and increase slightly as the temperature increases. The viscosity A- and B-coefficients of the Jones-Dole equation were obtained. The A-coefficients were found to be zero within experimental error. The B-coefficients are positive and decrease as the temperature increases. Thermodynamic quantities of activation for viscous flow were calculated on the basis of Eyring’s viscosity equation. From the quantities obtained in this study, along with some information from the literature, it is suggested that structure-making interactions occur between the segments of the complex and the solvent molecules. These interactions include electrostatic interactions between the local charge on the complex and the dipole moment of the solvent in solutions of acetonitrile and dichloromethane, interlocking packing interactions along C ₃-axis of the complex with solvent in solutions of chloroform and tetrachloromethane, and π-electron interactions between the chelate ring of the complex and the solvent in solutions of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene.     

Characterization of biosynthesized P(3HB-co-3HA)s swellable in organic solvents

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymers consisting of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and medium-chain-length (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate (3HA), P(3HB-co-3HA), are usually solved in chloroform. However, we found that some of the P(3HB-co-3HA) aged for more than 1 month under ambient conditions were not solved in chloroform, but instead swelled when the 3HA fraction was over 14 mol%. On the basis of differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle x-ray diffraction analyses, we predicted that swellable P(3HB-co-3HA) contained numerous P(3HB) microcrystals, which may form physical crosslinks between adjacent PHA polymer chains.     

Information rates achievable with algebraic codes on quantum discrete memoryless channels

The highest information rate at which quantum error-correction schemes work reliably on a channel is called the quantum capacity. Here this is proven to be lower-bounded by the limit of coherent information maximized over the set of input density operators which are proportional to the projections onto the code spaces of symplectic stabilizer codes. The quantum channels to be considered are those subject to independent errors and modeled as tensor products of copies of a completely positive linear map on a Hilbert space of finite dimension. The codes that are proven to have the desired performance are symplectic stabilizer codes. On the depolarizing channel, the bound proven here is actually the highest possible rate at which symplectic stabilizer codes work reliably     

A 17-mW 0.66-mm/sup 2/ direct-conversion receiver for 1-Mb/s cable replacement

A very-low-cost wireless personal area network (WPAN) receiver implemented in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology consumes 17mW of power and occupies an area of 0.66 mm/sup 2/. Simplicity in the physical layer, which still supports the 1-Mb/s requirement, allows for power savings in the receive front-end. A new coding scheme permits the integration of a high-pass filter to mitigate DC offset and 1/f noise. A linear front-end eliminates the external band-preselect filter. This die area is the smallest reported for Bluetooth-class front-ends.     

Enzyme-catalyzed resolution of 3,8-dioxatricyclo[3.2.1.0]octane-6-carboxylic esters and the application to the synthesis of 3-epishikimic acid

3,8-Dioxatricyclo[3.2.1.0^2,4]octane-6-carboxylic acid, whose racemic form is readily available on a large scale, is a versatile starting material for the synthesis of carbasugars and carbocyclic biologically active natural products. In this study, the enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution was attempted on a variety of corresponding carboxylic esters. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of ester substituents greatly affected the rate of reaction and the enantioselectivity. Hydrolysis of the corresponding 2′-chloroethyl ester with pig liver esterase worked well in a highly enantioselective manner (E = 116) to give the hydrolyzate (90.6% ee) and unreacted ester recovery (99.4% ee). The hydrolyzate is a precursor for (−)-oseltamivir phosphate, and a route to (3S,4S,5R)-(−)-3-epishikimic acid was developed from the recovered ester.