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951.
In this paper, we obtain a generalization of an identity due to Carlitz on Bernoulli polynomials. Then we use this generalized formula to derive two symmetric identities which reduce to some known identities on Bernoulli polynomials and Bernoulli numbers, including the Miki identity. 相似文献
952.
Data hiding watermarking for halftone images 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
In many printer and publishing applications, it is desirable to embed data in halftone images. We proposed some novel data hiding methods for halftone images. For the situation in which only the halftone image is available, we propose data hiding smart pair toggling (DHSPT) to hide data by forced complementary toggling at pseudo-random locations within a halftone image. The complementary pixels are chosen to minimize the chance of forming visually undesirable clusters. Our experimental results suggest that DHSPT can hide a large amount of hidden data while maintaining good visual quality. For the situation in which the original multitone image is available and the halftoning method is error diffusion, we propose the modified data hiding error diffusion (MDHED) that integrates the data hiding operation into the error diffusion process. In MDHED, the error due to the data hiding is diffused effectively to both past and future pixels. Our experimental results suggest that MDHED can give better visual quality than DHSPT. Both DHSPT and MDHED are computationally inexpensive. 相似文献
953.
Huang W.M. Drowley C.I. Vande Voorde P.J. Pettengill D. Turner J.E. Kapoor A.K. Lin C.-H. Burton G. Rosner S.J. Brigham K. Fu H.-S. Oh S.-Y. Scott M.P. Chiang S.-Y. Wang A. 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》1990,11(9):412-414
An experimental bipolar transistor structure with self-aligned base-emitter contacts formed using one polysilicon layer is presented with geometries and frequency performance comparable to those of double-polysilicon structures. This structure, called STRIPE (self-aligned trench-isolated polysilicon electrodes), provides a 0.2-μm emitter-base polysilicon contact separation. A 0.4-μm emitter width is achieved with conventional 0.8-μm optical lithography. Scaling of the emitter width of 0.3 μm has been performed with minimal degradation of device performance, and scaling of the emitter width pattern to 0.2 μm has been demonstrated. These dimensions are the smallest achieved in single-polysilicon structures with polysilicon base contacts and are comparable to those achieved in double-polysilicon structures. The STRIPE structure has been used to fabricate transistors with f t as high as 33.8 GHz 相似文献
954.
本文提出一种利用正、赝再现像,将物体的正、反两面信息复合在一起的全息术.在一张全息干板片上,可以同时看到物体的两面,增强立体效果和艺术感.文中介绍了原理、方法和结果. 相似文献
955.
Li Zou Yang Fu Xiaobing Yan Xingguo Chen Jingui Qin 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(2):702-712
Some linear π‐conjugated polymers containing 2,4,6‐tris(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine unit were synthesized via Sonogashira or Suzuki reaction for the first time and characterized by IR, NMR, and GPC. Because of the introduction of 2,4,6‐tris(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine unit into π‐conjugated system, all polymers exhibited good thermal stability with high decomposition temperature. Their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated. Based on the 2,4,6‐tris(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine unit linked with different aromatic rings, the polymers showed the tunable fluorescence from blue to blue‐green emission with satisfied quantum yield. Cyclic voltammetry measurement indicated that the LUMO and HOMO levels of the polymers could be adjustable through the main‐chain structural modification. All polymers had low LUMO level (?2.86 to ?3.06 eV) due to the high‐electron affinity of triazine unit. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 702–712, 2008 相似文献
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959.
A conceptual model for microscopic-macroscopic slow-fast stochastic systems is considered. A dynamical reduction procedure is presented in order to extract effective dynamics for this kind of systems. Under appropriate assumptions, the effective system is shown to approximate the original system, in the sense of a probabilistic convergence. 相似文献
960.
High‐resolution solid‐state 109Ag and 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate a series of silver dialkylphosphite salts, Ag(O)P(OR)2 (R = CH3, C2H5, C4H9 and C8H17), and determine whether they adopt keto, enol or dimer structures in the solid state. The silver chemical shift, CS, tensors and |J(109Ag, 31P)| values for these salts were determined using 109Ag (Ξ = 4.652%) NMR spectroscopy. The magnitudes of J(109Ag, 31P) range from 1250 ± 10 to 1318 ± 10 Hz and are the largest reported so far. These values indicate that phosphorus is directly bonded to silver for all these salts and thus exclude the enol structure. All 31P NMR spectra exhibit splittings due to indirect spin–spin coupling to 107Ag (I = 1/2, NA = 51.8%) and 109Ag (I = 1/2, NA = 48.2%). The 1J(109Ag, 31P) values measured by both 109Ag and 31P NMR spectroscopy agree within experimental error. Analysis of 31P NMR spectra of stationary samples for these salts allowed the determination of the phosphorus CS tensors. The absence of characteristic P?O stretching absorption bands near 1250 cm?1 in the IR spectra for these salts exclude the simple keto tautomer. Thus, the combination of solid‐state NMR and IR results indicate that these silver dialkylphosphite salts probably have a dimer structure. Values of silver and phosphorus CS tensors as well as 1J(109Ag, 31P) values for a dimer model calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) method are in agreement with the experimental observations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献