(Er3+,Yb3+)共掺ZBLAN玻璃的一种新颖的类雪崩上转换发光现象

研究了Er3 vZBLAN 和(Yb3 , Er3 )vZBLAN玻璃在966 nm 半导体激光激发下的上转换发光现象, 发现在(Yb3 , Er3 )vZBLAN 玻璃样品上存在由Er3 离子间交叉弛豫导致的上转换发光随激光功率二次攀升的类雪崩上转换发光现象; 并且由稳态速率方程的数值计算得出与实验测量相吻合的结果: 当Er3 离子间的交叉弛豫P很小时, 上转换发光是随抽运激光功率的增强而逐渐趋向饱和的; 当P 较大时, (Yb3 , Er3 vZBLAN 玻璃由于Yb3 和Er3 离子间的交叉能量传递速率很大, 致使Er3 离子的上转换激发速率R很大, 造成上转换发光在达到饱和之前出现一个陡升, 这就是实验观察到的由类雪崩效应导致的上转换发光随激光功率二次攀升的现象。     

混合态二能级原子双光子过程的粒子数反转特性

本文采用时间演化算符方法和数值计算研究了相干光场与混合态二能级原子双光子过程的粒子数反转特性,结果表明:量子崩塌与复苏性质和原子初始的混合程度无关,但振荡最大幅值受原子初始混合程度的支配,随着原子初始混合程度的增大,原子反转几率减小;在强场作用下,这种量子崩塌与复苏性质,将随着n值的不断增大而重复地出现复苏收缩现象,且场与原子的非线性耦合越来越强.     

半电体PN结电压—温度特性的实验研究

本文通过实验测量和描绘了４种硅管和２种锗管ＰＮ结的电压—温度特性曲线,用最小二乘法求解了电压温度系数和禁带宽度,并分析了结电压与温度的相关性,证实结电压与温度密切相关。     

A Microscopic Experimental Method Transversely Loading on Single High-Performance Fibers

Experimental Mechanics - We developed a microscopic experimental method that transversely loads and images single high-performance fibers. The experimental set-up was inside the chamber of a...     

物理发泡同轴电缆标准、现状及质量分析

本文对有线电视用的物理发泡同轴电缆的标准、现状、质量进行剖析,并对有线电视网络电缆施工中存在的问题进行了研究.     

高密度航空航天燃料合成化学

高密度液体碳氢燃料是为提高航空航天飞行器性能(航程、载荷、速度)而人工合成的燃料,与常规燃料(例如航空煤油和火箭煤油)相比,具有高密度和高体积热值等优点,具有重要的应用价值。本文首先从分子结构的角度阐述高密度燃料的特征及合成策略,然后综述了几类典型燃料的合成进展,包括通过加成、加氢、异构等反应合成多环烃类燃料和烷基金刚烃类燃料,通过环丙烷化和光化学等反应合成高张力燃料(环丙烷燃料、四环庚烷燃料和五环十一烷燃料),通过聚合、缩合、烷基化等反应合成高密度生物质燃料,通过纳米颗粒表面改性制备含有硼、铝、碳等固体颗粒的纳米悬浮燃料。同时,也总结了一些重要反应涉及的催化剂和量子化学机理,以及代表性燃料的性能参数等。最后,在此基础上对高密度燃料合成化学的发展趋势进行了展望。     

碳载合金 IrM（M = Fe，Ni，Co）纳米颗粒催化酸性与碱性介质中氢氧化反应

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)因能量转化率高、电流密度大、对负荷响应快及环境友好等优点而应用前景广阔.然而, Pt基催化剂的大量使用使得 PEMFC成本居高不下,阻碍了其商业化进程.金属 Ir具有良好的稳定性和相比 Pt较低的成本,可替代金属 Pt催化燃料电池阳极氢氧化反应.但是, Ir基催化剂的催化活性比 Pt低,难以满足商业化要求.通过合金调控 Ir纳米晶的电子结构和几何结构是降低 Ir用量、提高 Ir催化剂氢氧化活性的有效方法.
　　本文研究了 Ir基合金纳米晶中合金元素(Fe, Ni, Co)所产生的合金效应在酸碱性介质中对催化氢氧化的影响.采用溶剂蒸发-氢气还原法合成了具有相近合金度且平均粒径小于5 nm的 IrFe, IrNi和 IrCo纳米合金催化剂.电化学测试表明, IrNi合金催化剂具有最高的催化氢氧化活性.在酸性介质中, IrNi合金催化剂的质量比活性达到152 A/gIr (@0.1 V vs RHE),高于 IrFe (146 A/gIr)和IrCo (133 A/gIr)合金催化剂以及商业化 Pt/C催化剂(116 A/gPt).而在碱性介质中, Ir基合金催化剂活性较酸性介质中低,各合金催化剂优劣次序与酸性介质中一致.结构分析表明,合金化致使 Ir晶格收缩,收缩程度以 IrFe, IrNi和 IrCo的顺序依次降低. IrNi合金催化剂中 Ni合金元素诱导 Ir发生晶格收缩适中,使催化剂与中间物种(Had, OHad)的相互作用适度,从而获得最优的催化性质.另外,合金效应在不同 pH介质中影响不一：在酸性介质中,由合金元素(Fe, Ni, Co)导致的 Ir–Had相互作用弱化是提高氢氧化活性的主要原因;在碱性介质中,催化剂表面的亲氧效应决定了电极表面的 OHad吸/脱附性质和 Had表面覆盖度,从而影响催化氢氧化活性.     

分子信标技术

分子信标是一种高灵敏度、高特异性的新型荧光核酸探针。它在与互补DNA／RNA靶序列杂交时放出荧光。本文结合本实验室的研究,从分子信标的结构、性质、应用及发展等进行了介绍。     

Development of N-benzamidothioureas as a new generation of thiourea-based receptors for anion recognition and sensing

A series of neutral N-(substituted-benzamido)-N'-phenylthioureas (substituent = p-OC(2)H(5), p-CH(3), m-CH(3), H, p-Cl, p-Br, m-Cl, and p-NO(2)) were designed as anion receptors, in which the thiourea binding site was attached to the benzamido moiety via an N-N bond. The absorption spectra of these N-benzamidothioureas in acetonitrile peaked at ca. 270 nm were found to show unprecedented red shifts by 7 373 to 14 325 cm(-1) in the presence of anions such as AcO(-), F(-), and H(2)PO(4)(-). Under the same conditions, the classic neutral thiourea receptors, N-(substituted-phenyl)-N'-phenylthioureas, showed absorption spectral shifts in most cases of less than 800 cm(-1) with one exception of 6501 cm(-1). Control experiments, effects of protic solvent, and (1)H NMR titration confirmed the formation of hydrogen-bonding complexes between the new N-benzamidothiourea receptors and anions. The binding constants with AcO(-), for example, are at 10(5)-10(7) mol(-1) L order of magnitude, which are 13 to 590 times those of the corresponding classic N-phenylthioureas in the same solvent. It was found that, whereas the absorption of the N-benzamidothiourea receptors showed essentially no dependence on the substituent, the substantially red-shifted new absorption band of the N-benzamidothiourea-anion binding complex was sensitively subject to the substituent. A linear relationship was found between the absorption energies of the N-benzamidothiourea-acetate binding complexes and the Hammett constants of the substituents with a negative slope of -0.34 eV. This led to the assignment that the substantially red-shifted absorption band was the ground-state intramolecular charge-transfer absorption with the substituent locating in the electron acceptor moiety. It was concluded that anion binding to the thiourea moiety of the N-benzamidothiourea receptors switched on their ground-state charge transfer. An anion-binding induced structural change was suggested to occur around the N-N bond in N-benzamidothioureas, which resulted in a substantially increased electron donating ability of the electron donor in the receptor molecules. As a consequence, the ground-state charge transfer takes place in the N-benzamidothiourea-anion binding complexes, leading to unprecedented red shifts in the absorption spectra and substantially enhanced anion binding affinities than those of the corresponding N-phenylthiourea receptors. N-Benzamido-N'-phenylthioureas represent a new generation of neutral thiourea-based anion receptors that show substantially improved anion binding performance important for anion sensing and recognition.     

Capillary-driven automatic packaging

Packaging continues to be one of the most challenging steps in micro-nanofabrication, as many emerging techniques (e.g., soft lithography) are incompatible with the standard high-precision alignment and bonding equipment. In this paper, we present a simple-to-operate, easy-to-adapt packaging strategy, referred to as Capillary-driven Automatic Packaging (CAP), to achieve automatic packaging process, including the desired features of spontaneous alignment and bonding, wide applicability to various materials, potential scalability, and direct incorporation in the layout. Specifically, self-alignment and self-engagement of the CAP process induced by the interfacial capillary interactions between a liquid capillary bridge and the top and bottom substrates have been experimentally characterized and theoretically analyzed with scalable implications. High-precision alignment (of less than 10 μm) and outstanding bonding performance (up to 300 kPa) has been reliably obtained. In addition, a 3D microfluidic network, aligned and bonded by the CAP technique, has been devised to demonstrate the applicability of this facile yet robust packaging technique for emerging microfluidic and bioengineering applications.