非线性偏振旋转锁模光纤激光器数值模型

利用二能级Giles模型来计算掺铒光纤增益,并通过琼斯矩阵描述偏振控制器,提出了一种基于非线性薛定谔方程的非线性偏振旋转锁模光纤激光器的数值模型。该模型具有物理意义更加清晰、便于分析泵浦功率对锁模影响的优点。采用1.0 m长的掺铒光纤、5.8 m长的单模光纤和85:15的输出耦合器,当泵浦功率为25 mW时数值计算得到均方根宽度为0.30 ps的超短脉冲。研究了泵浦功率对锁模脉冲波形和光谱的影响,并讨论了泵浦功率与掺铒光纤中增益分布的关系。通过实验得到了锁模脉冲,其光谱形状与仿真得到的结果相似。测量了不同泵浦功率下脉冲的平均功率,变化趋势也与理论值吻合。     

The Interesting Influence of Nanosprings on the Viscoelasticity of Elastomeric Polymer Materials: Simulation and Experiment

Among all carbon nanostructured materials, helical nanosprings or nanocoils have attracted particular interest as a result of their special mechanical behavior. Here, carbon nanosprings are used to adjust the viscoelasticity and reduce the resulting hysteresis loss (HL) of elastomeric polymer materials. Two types of nanospring‐filled elastomer composites are constructed as follows: system I is obtained by directly blending polymer chains with nanosprings; system II is composed of the self‐assembly of a tri‐block structure such as chain‐nanospring‐chain. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations show that the incorporation of nanosprings can improve the mechanical strength of the elastomer matrix through nanoreinforcement and considerably decrease the hysteresis loss. This finding is significant for reducing fuel consumption and improving fuel efficiency in the automobile tire industry. Furthermore, it is revealed that the spring constant of nanosprings and the interfacial chemical coupling between chains and nanosprings both play crucial roles in adjusting the viscoelasticity of elastomers. It is inferred that elastomer/carbon nanostructured materials with good flexibility and reversible mechanical response (carbon nanosprings, nanocoils, nanorings, and thin graphene sheets) have both excellent mechanical and low HL properties; this may open a new avenue for fabrication of high performance automobile tires and facilitate the large‐scale industrial application of these materials.     

Surface State Mediated NIR Two‐Photon Fluorescence of Iron Oxides for Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

The development of fluorescent iron oxide nanomaterials is highly desired for multimodal molecular imaging. Instead of incorporating fluorescent dyes on the surface of iron oxides, a ligand‐assisted synthesis approach is developed to allow near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence in Fe₃O₄ nanostructures. Using a trimesic acid (TMA)/citrate‐mediated synthesis, fabricated Fe₃O₄ nanostructures can generate a NIR two‐photon florescence (TPF) peak around 700 nm under the excitation by a 1230‐nm femtosecond laser. By tailoring the absorption of Fe₃O₄ nanostructures toward NIR band, the NIR‐TPF efficiency can be greatly increased. Through internal etching, surface peeling, and ligand replacement, spectroscopic results validated that such resonantly enhanced NIR‐TPF is mediated by surface states with strong NIR‐IR absorption. This TPF signal evolution can be generalized to other iron oxide nanomaterials like magnetite nanoparticles and α‐Fe₂O₃ nanoplates. Using the developed fluorescent Fe₃O₄ nanostructures, it is demonstrated that their TPF and third harmonic generation (THG) contrast in the nonlinear optical microscopy of live cells. It is anticipated that the synthesized NIR photofunctional Fe₃O₄ will serve as a versatile platform for dual‐modality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as a magnet‐guided theranostic agent.     

DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR IMPACT TESTING BY COMBINING HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES

The split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） technique and the wave propagation inverse analysis（WPIA） technique are both extensively used to experimentally investigate the impact behavior of materials, although neither of them alone provides a fully satisfactory analysis. In the present paper, attention is given to new experimental techniques by incorporating a damagemodified constitutive model into the SHPB technique and combining the Hopkinson pressure bar（HPB） technique with WPIA. First, to distinguish the response due to dynamic constitutive behavior and the response due to dynamic damage evolution, the SHPB method incorporating a damage-modified constitutive model is developed, including an explicit damage-modified Zhu–Wang–Tang model and an implicit damage-modified constitutive model. Second, when the SHPB results become invalid, a method of combining new Lagrange inverse analyses with the HPB technique is developed, including cases of the HPB arranged in front of a long specimen and behind the specimen. As examples of these new methods, typical results are given for nonlinear viscoelastic polymers and concretes considering damage evolution, a super-elastic Ti–Ni alloy with phase transformation and an aluminum foam with shock waves propagating within it.     

Data Center Switch for Load Balanced Fat-Trees

With the growing of cloud computing, the need of computing power no longer can be satisfied with a few powerful servers or small scale parallel computer systems. More and more servers are connected together as a data center network. Then, fault tolerance becomes an import issue when building a massive data center network. Currently, many researches focus on building fat-tree data center networks. In this paper, we propose a load balanced fat-tree architecture with uniform mapping connection patterns to provide higher fault tolerance capability for heavy traffic load networks. Two fault tolerated 4 × 4 banyan type switch designs are introduced to improve the fault tolerance capability of fat-tree networks. Finally, fault tolerance capability evaluations of link or switch faults in fat-tree network are given to support our idea, and a 4 × 4 banyan type switch IC is demonstrated as the commodity switch for building the fault tolerant fat-tree data center networks. The 4 × 4 banyan type switch IC is fabricated in 90 nm CMOS technology, and the maximum operation rate of the IC is 5.8 Gbps per channel or 23.2 Gbps total data rate with only 23 ps peak-to-peak jitter.     

新型含哒嗪酮基双酰肼类化合物的3D-QSAR研究

用比较分子场分析方法对1-芳基-1，4-二氢-3-酰肼羰基-6-甲基-4-哒嗪酮类化合物进行了三维定量构效关系研究，发现影响其促进黄瓜子叶生根活性的主要为立体能.立体能与静电能之比为0.733:0.267.所得到的模型交叉验证值rCV2=0.643，相关系数r2=0.977, F=102.622, s=0.041，表明模型具有较好的预测能力.研究结果对3-酰肼羰基-4-哒嗪酮类化合物的改性或新类似物的合成具有指导意义.     

Realization of nth-order series impedance function using only (n-1) current-feedback amplifiers

A new configuration for realizing a higher-order series impedance function using current-feedback amplifiers (CFAs) is presented. The nth-order series impedance function employs only (n–1) CFAs and (2n–1) passive elements. The higher order series impedance function can be applied to realize various higher-order highpass and lowpass filters. The passive element values can be easily decided from the coefficients of the filter transfer functions. The use of CFAs simplifies the circuit implementation and makes the proposed circuit attractive for application. Experiments and simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.     

Ball Impact Reliability of Zn-Sn High-Temperature Solder Joints Bonded with Different Substrates

In this study, the high-speed deformation behavior of solder joints formed with Pb-free Zn-Sn and commercial Pb-Sn alloys bonded on different substrates was investigated by the ball impact test method. Overall, Zn-Sn joints exhibited greater impact strength but inferior impact toughness than Pb-Sn joints. This can be ascribed to the high hardness of Zn-Sn solders resulting in partial or overall interfacial fracture. In contrast, the joints with soft Pb-Sn solders all showed a ductile fracture feature. It is suggested that, for the joints revealing brittle fracture, the impact toughness (impact energy) increased with the plastic ability of interfacial intermetallic compounds, while for those showing a ductile fracture mode, the impact energy deteriorated with a hardened solder matrix resulting from substrate dissolution.     

dv/dt Noise canceling circuit in ultra-high-voltage MOS gate drivers

A novel small-sized voltage mode noise canceling circuit is introduced in order to remove the dv/dt noise in the ultra-high-voltage MOS gate drive IC more efficiently, accurately and steadily. The dv/dt noise is removed completely by the mutual controlling of the high-side voltage signal, which improves the incapability of the full removal of dv/dt noise by conventional noise remove circuit due to the mismatch in the high-side circuit. In addition, no additional circuit is introduced to the noise canceling circuit. Fabricated in 700 V 0.5 μm BCD with simulation tool HspiceD, the circuit shows good performances of a quiescent current less than 50 μA, and a full removal of 70 V/ns dv/dt noise by the noise elimination function block. Moreover, a mismatch rate ranging within ±100 % can also be fully eliminated, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the ultra-high-voltage gate driver’s performance.     

Provably secure three-party key agreement protocol using Chebyshev chaotic maps in the standard model

Recently, several key agreement protocols based on Chebyshev chaotic maps have been proposed in the literature. However, they can normally achieve “heuristic” security, that is, once drawbacks are found in these protocols, they are either modified to resist the new attacks, or are discarded. Under these circumstances, it is necessary and significant to define standard security models that can precisely characterize the capabilities of the participants and a potent adversary. Hence, we propose to use public key encryption based on enhanced Chebyshev chaotic maps and pseudo-random function ensembles to construct an efficient three-party key agreement protocol under the standard model, in which the adversary is able to make a wider range of queries and have more freedom than the other proposed schemes. In the design of our protocol, we follow the ideas in the recent key agreement protocol of Yang and Cao’s. The proposed protocol is shown to be provably secure if decisional Diffie–Hellman problem, which is based on Chebyshev chaotic maps, is computationally infeasible. To the best of our knowledge, our protocol is the first provably secure 3PAKE protocol using Chebyshev chaotic maps under the standard model.