Effect of Thermal Processing on the Metabolic Components of Black Beans on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Field Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-field quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) histological platform was used to analyze the effects of two thermal processing methods (cooking and steaming) on the nutritional metabolic components of black beans. Black beans had the most amino acids, followed by lipids and polyphenols, and more sugars. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that heat processing significantly affected the metabolic component content in black beans, with effects varying among different components. Polyphenols, especially flavonoids and isoflavones, were highly susceptible. A total of 197 and 210 differential metabolites were identified in both raw black beans and cooked and steamed black beans, respectively. Cooking reduced the cumulative content of amino acids, lipids, polyphenols, sugars, and nucleosides, whereas steaming reduced amino acid and lipid content, slightly increased polyphenol content, and significantly increased sugar and nucleoside content. Our results indicated that metabolic components were better retained during steaming than cooking. Heat treatment had the greatest impact on amino acids, followed by polyphenols, fatty acids, sugars, and vitamins, indicating that cooking promotes the transformation of most substances and the synthesis of a few. The results of this study provide a basis for further research and development of nutritional products using black beans.     

A MXene-derived redox homeostasis regulator perturbs the Nrf2 antioxidant program for reinforced sonodynamic therapy

Ultrasound (US)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a spatiotemporally controllable therapeutic modality in combating cancer because of its high tissue-penetration depth and minimal invasiveness. However, the elevated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant program in cancer cells can serve as a chief reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification system to alleviate oxidative injury and promote tumorigenesis, and thus greatly antagonize the therapeutic efficacy of ROS-mediated anticancer therapies. Herein, we report that vanadium carbide MXene-derived carbon dots (PMQDs) can act as high-efficacy sonosensitizers to efficiently generate ROS upon US irradiation and simultaneously hinder the Nrf2 antioxidant program for enhanced sonodynamic therapy of cancer. These PMQDs show superior US-triggered ROS generating ability because of their efficient migration/separation of electron–hole pairs and narrow bandgap. Importantly, these PMQDs can serve as efficient redox homeostasis regulators to perturb the Nrf2 antioxidant mechanism and thus reduce its effects on ROS neutralization for enhanced SDT efficacy. Overall, the present study will not only provide a new paradigm to augment SDT by perturbing the Nrf2 antioxidant program, but also give valuable insights into developing high-efficacy MXene-derived nanoagents for cancer therapy.

A redox homeostasis regulator has been developed as a high-efficacy sonosensitizer to efficiently generate reactive oxygen species upon ultrasound irradiation and simultaneously hinder the Nrf2 antioxidant program for enhanced sonodynamic therapy.     

反射式THz‒TDS用于轨道交通典型液体安检的实验

太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术用于轨道交通易燃易爆危险液体的安全检测,需要兼顾速度和准确率。一般在大流量人群中,因为检测速度限制,不适合直接采用实验室常用的测试指纹谱之后再与样品数据库的吸收峰位置比对的方法来精确确定样品成分信息。针对轨道交通中典型液体样品,在常温常压和正常大气湿度(25 ℃、60%空气湿度)条件下,测试反射式THz-TDS的脉冲回波数据。建立非易燃易爆危险品、易燃易爆类、强酸类等分类数据库,结合样品光谱数据库特征,归纳了4种典型的时域脉冲谱线,即含有显著次级反射峰、微小次级反射峰、无反射峰和向下反转的次反射峰。依据太赫兹时域谱线次级反射峰的特征,结合分类识别决策模型,快速实现了综合分类判别,准确率达80%以上。     

气相生长氮化铝单晶的新方法

通过在钨坩埚盖开小孔的方法改变氮化铝结晶衬底上的温度场分布,在开孔处形成局部低温区;由于孔的几何尺寸的限制和氮化铝晶体生长的各向异性,开孔处的氮化铝晶体单晶化;随后,开孔处的单晶起籽晶的作用,逐渐长成较大尺寸、较高质量的氮化铝单晶.目前用该方法已经制备出直径大于2mm的氮化铝单晶体.     

Determination of Acetonitrile Volume Fraction in Mobile Phase by HPLC

This paper reports the development and validation of an assay for the determination of acetonitrile in the recycled mobile phase using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The method is based on that the retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography increases with decreasing concentration of organic phase in the mobile phase. The natural logarithm of the capacity ratio for a given solute is linearly related to the volume fraction of the organic modifier in the mobile phase. For dimethylphthalate and diethylphthalate, the linearity range is 30%--60%, and for biphenyl and terphenyl, the range is 60%--95%. Precision values（RSD） were both 〈1% and the accuracy（RE） was in the range of ±1%. The assay was successfully applied to the determination of acetonitrile concentration of recycled mobile phase after the distillation of the column eluent in our laboratory.     

A Novel Method for Pattern Recognition of GIS Partial Discharge via Multi-Information Ensemble Learning

Partial discharge (PD) is the main feature that effectively reflects the internal insulation defects of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). It is of great significance to diagnose the types of insulation faults by recognizing PD to ensure the normal operation of GIS. However, the traditional diagnosis method based on single feature information analysis has a low recognition accuracy of PD, and there are great differences in the diagnosis effect of various insulation defects. To make the most of the rich insulation state information contained in PD, we propose a novel multi-information ensemble learning for PD pattern recognition. First, the ultra-high frequency and ultrasonic data of PD under four typical defects of GIS are obtained through experiment. Then the deep residual convolution neural network is used to automatically extract discriminative features. Finally, multi-information ensemble learning is used to classify PD types at the decision level, which can complement the shortcomings of the independent recognition of the two types of feature information and has higher accuracy and reliability. Experiments show that the accuracy of the proposed method can reach 97.500%, which greatly improves the diagnosis accuracy of various insulation defects.     

HIGH-FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF CORRUGATED CYLINDRICAL PIEZOELECTRIC SHELLS

Coupled extensional and flexural cylindrical vibrations of a corrugated cylindrical piezoelectric shell consisting of multiple pieces of circular cylindrical surfaces smoothly connected along their generatrix are studied. To validate the results for the case of relatively thick shells or equivalently high-frequency modes with short wavelengths, existing analysis is extended by considering shear deformation and rotatory inertia. An analytical solution is obtained. Based on the solution, resonant frequencies and mode shapes are calculated.     

量子密钥分发网络结构及性能分析

根据量子密钥分发网络节点功能的不同,可以将其分为三类:由信任方节点构成的网络;由光学器件构成的网络和;由量子节点构成的网络.文章分析了这三种网络的结构,并对比了它们的性能,适用条件以及应用前景.最后提出,在现有条件下三种网络各具优势但都不够成熟,用户可以根据各自对网络的需求来选择不同的网络模型进行保密通信.     

PVC/MBS/纳米 BaSO4 复合材料的制备及其性能

采用熔融共混法制备聚氯乙烯(PVC)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)/纳米重晶石(nano-BaSO4)三元复合材料,考察其力学性能和热稳定性能,并用扫描电镜观察冲击断面的形态.结果表明:MBS 与 nano-BaSO4 可协同增韧 PVC;当 MBS、nano-BaSO4 的含量分别为 10%、1%时,材料的韧性和刚性可同时得以改善,其冲击断面表现出典型的韧性断裂特征;热重分析显示添加 1%nano-BaSO4 可显著提高 PVC/MBS 的热稳定性能,其第一降解阶段的初始分解温度和最快分解温度分别提高了 10℃和14℃.     

Numerical Study on Entropy Generation of the Multi-Stage Centrifugal Pump

The energy loss of the multi-stage centrifugal pump was investigated by numerical analysis using the entropy generation method with the RNG k-ε turbulence model. Entropy generation due to time-averaged motion and velocity fluctuation was mainly considered. It was found that the entropy generation of guide vanes and impellers account for 71.2% and 23.3% of the total entropy generation under the designed flow condition. The guide vanes are the main hydraulic loss domains and their entropy generation is about 9 W/K, followed by impellers. There are vortices at the tongue of the guide vane inlet as well as flow separations in the impellers, which lead to entropy generation. The fluid impacts the outer surface of the guide vanes, resulting in the increase in entropy generation. There are refluxes near the guide vane tongues which also increase the entropy generation of this part. The entropy generation distribution of the guide vanes and impellers was investigated, which found that the positive guide vane has more entropy generation compared with the reverse guide. The entropy generation of the blade suction surface is higher compared with the pressure surface. This study indicated that the entropy generation method has distinct advantages in the assessment of hydraulic loss.