Salting‐out‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction with acetonitrile for the determination of trimetazidine in rat plasma using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

A high‐throughout bioanalytical method based on salting‐out‐assisted liquid/liquid extraction (SALLE) method with acetonitrile and mass spectrometry‐compatible salts followed by LC‐MS/MS analysis of trimetazidine in rat plasma is presented. It required only 50 μL of plasma and allows the use of minimal volumes of organic solvents. The seamless interface of SALLE and LC‐MS eliminated the drying‐down step and the extract was diluted and injected into an LC‐MS/MS system with a cycle time of 2.5 min/sample. The retention times of trimetazidine and IS were approximately 1.1 and 1.7 min, respectively. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.1–100 ng/mL, which can be extended to 500 ng/mL by dilution. The intra‐ and inter‐batch precision, accuracy and the relative standard deviation were all <15%. This method was successfully applied to determine trimetazidine concentrations in rat plasma. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Metabolic profiles of dioscin in rats revealed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Dioscin (DIS), one of the most abundant bioactive steroidal saponins in Dioscorea sp., is used as a complementary medicine to treat coronary disease and angina pectoris in China. Although the pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetics of DIS have been well demonstrated, information regarding the final metabolic fates is very limited. This study investigated the in vivo metabolic profiles of DIS after oral administration by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method. The structures of the metabolites were identified and tentatively characterized by means of comparing the molecular mass, retention time and fragmentation pattern of the analytes with those of the parent compound. A total of eight metabolites, including seven phase I and one phase II metabolites, were detected and tentatively identified for the first time. Oxidation, deglycosylation and glucuronidation were found to be the major metabolic processes of the compound in rats. In addition, a possible metabolic pathway on the biotransformation of DIS in vivo was proposed. This study provides valuable and new information on the metabolism of DIS, which will be helpful for further understanding its mechanism of action. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Real-time phase measurement and correction of dynamic multimode beam using a single spatial light modulator

In this Letter,a novel system for adaptively correcting the phase of a dynamic multimode beam is proposed.While using merely one spatial light modulator,the phase measurement of the first-order diffraction pattern and the correction of the zeroth diffraction order are simultaneously realized.The real-time experimental result is obtained at a control rate of 10 Hz.The power-in-the-bucket value is improved from 38.5%to 61.8%,even with fundamental mode content that is consistently below 30%.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first implementation of real-time adaptive correction of the entire multimode beam.     

Identifying anomalous Floquet edge modes via bulk-edge correspondence

Floquet engineering appears as a new protocol for designing topological states of matter,and features anomalous edge modes pinned at quasi-energy π/T with vanished topological index.We propose how to predict the anomalous edge modes via the bulk Hamiltonian in frequency space,and use Zak phase to quantitatively index the topological properties.The above methods are clarified by the example of time periodic Kitaev chain with chemical potential of harmonic driving and pulse driving,and topological phase transitions are manifested at different driving frequencies.