Reversible Dehalogenation in On‐Surface Aryl–Aryl Coupling

In the emerging field of on‐surface synthesis, dehalogenative aryl–aryl coupling is unarguably the most prominent tool for the fabrication of covalently bonded carbon‐based nanomaterials. Despite its importance, the reaction kinetics are still poorly understood. Here we present a comprehensive temperature‐programmed x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of reaction kinetics and energetics in the prototypical on‐surface dehalogenative polymerization of 4,4′′‐dibromo‐p‐terphenyl into poly(para‐phenylene) on two coinage metal surfaces, Cu(111) and Au(111). We find clear evidence for reversible dehalogenation on Au(111), which is inhibited on Cu(111) owing to the formation of organometallic intermediates. The incorporation of reversible dehalogenation in the reaction rate equations leads to excellent agreement with experimental data and allows extracting the relevant energy barriers. Our findings deepen the mechanistic understanding and call for its reassessment for surface‐confined aryl–aryl coupling on the most frequently used metal substrates.     

Four new compounds from Neoboletus magnificus

Abstract

Four new compounds, compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, along with two known compounds 3, 5, were isolated from the methanol extract of the fruiting body of Neoboletus magnificus. The structures of compounds were elucidated by HRMS and NMR spectroscopic methods. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated.     

Rapid measurements of curcumin from complex samples coupled with magnetic biocompatibility molecularly imprinted polymer using electrochemical detection

Curcumin widely exists in food, and rapid selective and accurate detection of curcumin have great significance in chemical industry. In this experiment, a new magnetic biocompatibility molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared with nontoxic and biocompatible Zein to adsorb curcumin selectively. The polymer has high biocompatibility, good adsorption capacity, and specific adsorption for curcumin. Combined with portable electrochemical workstations, the polymer can be used to detect curcumin rapidly and cost‐effectively. Using curcumin as a template and Zein as the crosslinking agent, the polymers were synthesized on the surface of Fe₃O₄ particles for solid phase extraction. The experimental results showed that the polymer reached large adsorption capacity (32.12 mg/g) with fast kinetics (20 min). The adsorption characteristic of the polymer followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models. Hexacyanoferrate was used as electrochemical probe to generate signals, and the linear range was 5–200 µg/mL for measuring curcumin. The experimental analysis showed that the polymer was an ideal material for selective accumulation of curcumin from complex samples. This approach has been successfully applied to the determination of curcumin in food samples with electrochemical detection, indicating that this is a feasible and practical technique.     

Regulation of Cathode‐Electrolyte Interphase via Electrolyte Additives in Lithium Ion Batteries

As the power supply of the prosperous new energy products, advanced lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are widely applied to portable energy equipment and large‐scale energy storage systems. To broaden the applicable range, considerable endeavours have been devoted towards improving the energy and power density of LIBs. However, the side reaction caused by the close contact between the electrode (particularly the cathode) and the electrolyte leads to capacity decay and structural degradation, which is a tricky problem to be solved. In order to overcome this obstacle, the researchers focused their attention on electrolyte additives. By adding additives to the electrolyte, the construction of a stable cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) between the cathode and the electrolyte has been proven to competently elevate the overall electrochemical performance of LIBs. However, how to choose electrolyte additives that match different cathode systems ideally to achieve stable CEI layer construction and high‐performance LIBs is still in the stage of repeated experiments and exploration. This article specifically introduces the working mechanism of diverse electrolyte additives for forming a stable CEI layer and summarizes the latest research progress in the application of electrolyte additives for LIBs with diverse cathode materials. Finally, we tentatively set forth recommendations on the screening and customization of ideal additives required for the construction of robust CEI layer in LIBs. We believe this minireview will have a certain reference value for the design and construction of stable CEI layer to realize desirable performance of LIBs.     

升温速度对电场烧结NdFeB材料致密化的影响

首次将电场烧结方法引入烧结NdFeB永磁材料的制备中,通过分析压坯的温度场特征发现,在较高的预设升温速度下,压坯的实际升温过程存在延迟情况。对烧结磁体的SEM观察表明,随预设升温速度的提高,磁体的致密度逐步提高。当NdFeB合金以2000℃/s的预设升温速度在1000℃烧结8min后,磁体的微观组织明显优于传统烧结磁体。     

基于生成对抗网络的动态心电信号QRS波检测

心电信号分析是预防心血管疾病的重要举措,QRS波的精确检测不仅是心电信号处理的关键步骤且对心率计算和异常情况分析具有重要作用.针对动态心电信号存在信号质量差或异常节奏波形导致常用QRS波检测方法精度较低的问题,本文提出了 一种基于生成对抗网络新型QRS波检测算法.该算法以Pix2Pix网络为基础,生成网络采用U-Net...     

定量会聚束电子衍射:Ⅰ.研究动态

本文介绍了一种在材料研究和半导体器件分析等领域中常用的结构分析技术--定量会聚束电子衍射术.主要介绍会聚束电子衍射方法的简史及近况、定量会聚束电子衍射的特点和发展方向.同时,简述了定量会聚束电子衍射技术在材料科学研究中的应用和实验的基本过程.     

某型航空发动机自整角机非线性校正技术

为克服非线性误差,提高航空发动机上传感器系统的测量精度,采用基于函数链神经网络的非线性校正技术,弥补了传统方法计算量大、精度不高的不足,减小了非线性误差.仿真结果表明此方法速度快,计算精度高,绝对误差不超过0.07o,完全满足测量要求,已在发动机地面试验系统中得到应用,该方法可应用于航空发动机全权限数字式电子控制(FADEC)系统中.     

测试设备对高精度光纤陀螺误差的影响及抑制方法研究

分析了影响光纤陀螺仪测试精度的主要误差因素,详细研究了速率转台、测试工装、时间基准源等常见测试设备对光纤陀螺误差的影响。提出了基于高精度计数器对于转台精度评价结合长周期、转台固定周数的测试等抑制方法。实验结果表明,采取抑制措施后,测试工装误差引起的零偏测试误差减小了66.7%,速率转台误差引起的标度因数绝对误差以及时间基准误差引起的标度因数重复性误差均减小了一个数量级。研究结果对高精度光纤陀螺仪精度的提升以及测试设备的改进具有指导意义。     

ISO 14001实施过程中的问题及解决方法

指出了企业在实施ISO 14001:2004过程中可能存在的问题,并针对固体废物管理、MSDS编写、文件之间不一致、轻污染企业的误区等问题给出了相应的解决方法.