西北地区普通高中化学听评课现状及有效实施对策研究

以甘肃省兰州市15所普通高中的179名化学教师为研究对象,从听评课的目的、态度、内容、方式、制度、组织实施、文化等7个维度深入分析当前高中化学听评课现状。研究发现,兰州市普通高中化学听评课现状具体表现为：教师在观念层面没有真正意识到听评课对于课堂教学研究的意义与价值,操作层面不会通过听评课开展课堂教学研究;学校在制度层面缺乏对教师通过听评课开展课堂教学研究的保障引领,组织实施层面忽视教师个人的主观能动性和个体差异性,另外个人主义和表面合作的文化不利于教师通过听评课开展课堂教学研究;不同类型的教师在听评课的7个维度方面表现出不同程度的差异性。基于此,学校层面应该重建专业的听评课制度,培育专业的教研文化,组建专业的研究共同体;教师层面应该转变传统的听评课观念,培养课堂教学研究的意识,提升课堂教学研究的能力。     

双金属合金团簇M12Ni(M=Pt,Sn,Cu)催化甲烷干法重整反应的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了M₁₂Ni(M=Pt, Sn, Cu) 3种双金属合金团簇的电子活性和结构稳定性, 并探讨了甲烷干法重整反应(DRM)在M₁₂Ni双金属团簇表面的反应能量变化情况. 经比较发现甲烷脱氢和二氧化碳活化过程在Pt₁₂Ni团簇表面进行需克服的活化能垒最低, 反应最易进行. Sn₁₂Ni团簇上生成碳需要较高的活化能, 说明Sn₁₂Ni团簇能够有效抑制焦碳的生成, 一定程度上克服了碳沉积导致的催化剂失活现象, 并且Sn₁₂Ni团簇在C ^*和CH ^*氧化过程中表现出最佳的催化活性. Cu₁₂Ni团簇仅在甲烷脱氢过程中表现出较为优异的催化活性.     

主成分分析-支持向量机用于肝病分类模型

将主成分分析(PCA)用于肝功能检测数据特征提取,然后用支持向量机(SVM)对乙肝、丙肝、肝硬化、正常人样本建立分类模型。采用高斯径向基函数(RBF)为核函数,调节核函数参数C及σ以建立最佳支持向量机模型。该模型对训练集的识别率为99.3%,对预测集的预测率为96.4%。结果表明:PCA-SVM法建立的肝病分类模型能较好的区分乙肝、丙肝、肝硬化及正常人,且分类效果优于传统支持向量机及人工神经网络(ANN)分类模型。     

5-阿维菌素B1a酯的合成及生物活性

阿维菌素B_1a(AVB_1a)与羧酸在DMAP/DCC体系中直接酯化,得到10个5-AVB_1a酯衍生物,产率50%～79%;其化学结构由IR,¹H NMR,¹³CNMR和MS谱确证.生物活性测定结果表明,部分5-阿维菌素B_1a酯衍生物具有良好的杀虫、杀螨活性.     

Ba—La—O—（F）催化剂和碱性及其OCM反应性能

采用ＸＲＤ,ＴＰＤ和高温原位ＩＲ光谱对Ｌａ２Ｏ３,ＢａＯ／Ｌａ２Ｏ３,ＢａＦ２／Ｌａ２Ｏ３,ＬａＯＦ和ＬａＯＦ等催化剂的组成、结构和ＣＯ２在催化剂上的吸附状况进行了表征,并结合催化剂性能评价结果对该系列催化剂的碱性及其与ＯＣＭ反应性能的关系进行了考察。结果表明,催化剂ＯＣＭ反应性能与其酸碱性的强弱无简单的对应关系.     

Rapid Synthesis of Lead Oxide Nanorods by One-step Solid-state Chemical Reaction at Room Temperature

A simple and facile method was reported to synthesize lead oxide nanorods. Nanorods of lead oxide were obtained directly from grinding solid metal salt and sodium hydroxide in agate mortar with the assistance of a suitable nonionic surfactant in only one step, which is different from the result of hydroxide in solution. The product has been characterized by XRD, TEM and SEM. The formation mechanism of rod-like morphology is discussed and the surfactant plays an important soft-template role in modifying the interface of solid-state reaction and according process of rod-formation.     

2,4,6-三(对甲基苯乙烯基)均三嗪的合成、结构及其光学性质

合成了八极分子2,4,6-三(对甲基苯乙烯基)均三嗪[即2,4,6-tris(p—methylstyryl)-s-triazine,缩写为TMSTA],用四圆X衍射法测得该晶体属于正交晶系的Pmn21空间群,晶体结构非中心对称,分子构型为微弯曲的平面三角形,具有近似的D3h对称性．该化合物在氯仿中最长波长吸收峰位于337nm,在极性较强的溶剂乙腈中的荧光发射峰位于435nm．在1064nm皮秒脉冲基频光下,测得其粉末的倍频光强度为尿素的9．1倍．另外,TMSTA良好的热稳定性(熔点为235～237℃)增加了其作为1064nm Nd：YAG激光的倍频材料的应用价值．     

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Albumin Conjugates as pH-Sensitive Biodegradable Hydrogels

A new kind of biodegradable pH-sensitive drug delivery system was developed via chitosan-albumin conjugate hydrogel. Through changing the feeding modes of reactants, two types of hydrogels(comb-type and reticular-type) were synthesized by amidation reactions between 6-O-succinoylated N-phthaloyl chitosan and albumin. The structures and morphologies of the hydrogels were characterized by SEM. And their water swelling capacity, drug loading and releasing properties at different pH values were also investigate...     

Polyfluorenes containing pyrazine units:Synthesis,photophysics and electroluminescence

A series of conjugated copolymers of 9,9-dioctylfluorene and symmetrical pyrazine unit (BY) were synthesized by Suzuki copolymerization and were used as novel light-emitting materials in PLEDs.Efficient energy transfer was observed in both thin film and solution.Compared with the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the polyfluorenes homopolymer (PFO),the lower LUMO energy levels of copolymers indicated that the introduction of the BY unit would be benefit to electron injection.The turn-...     

Multiple resonances with time delays in scale-free networks of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons subjected to non-Gaussian noise

The spiking behavior with varying time delay in scale-free networks of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons with non-Gaussian noise has been studied,and the effect of non-Gaussian noise on the delay-induced spiking behavior is discussed. It was found that multiple spatio-temporal resonances occur when the delay lengths are integer multiples of the spiking periods,and the resonances may be strengthened when the non-Gaussian noise is appropriate. This result shows that time delays can optimize the spiking temporal regulari...