丹聂耳电池电动势产生的机理

 1836年,英国化学家丹聂耳(Daniell)发明了一种原理上最简单的化学电池,通常称之为丹聂耳电池。电动势是化学电池的一个重要的性能参数。而电动势等于单位正电荷由负极通过电池内部移到正极时电池内非静电力(化学力)所做的功。它取决于电极材料的化学性质,与电池的大小无关。因此,本文就从物理化学角度来探讨丹聂耳电池电动势产生的机理。丹聂耳电池的结构如图1所示。电池的两个电极锌板和铜板分别浸在ZnSO₄溶液和CuSO₄溶液中。     

Analysis of Three Coupled Defects in One-Dimensional Photonic Bandgap Structure

The mutual interaction of three different defects in photonic crystals is studied theoretically. A theoretical model based on the classical wave analogue of the tight-binding （TB） picture is applied to the structure. We obtain analytic expressions for the eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes, from which the transmissions at resonance are derived. Based on this, a new type of the photonic quantum-well structure is investigated and its possible application is discussed. The TB predictions are compared with the transfer matrix method simulation results.     

水晶传感器与温度计

水晶,很早就被人们视为珍宝.1880年,居里兄弟俩发现了“压电现象”,继之卡迪发明了振荡器以来,致使水晶的用途日益扩大.水晶是非常稳定的结晶体,具有极优良的频率稳定性,作为优质的弹性体.利用晶体制作的稳定振荡器,已用于无线电电台、汽车电话、私人无线电等通信机和广     

车载GPS／航位推算组合导航系统的信息融合

简要介绍了车载ＧＰＳ／航位推算组合导航系统的设计，在建立起该系统数学模型的基础上，给出了一种适用于多传感器联合卡尔尔曼滤波算法，试验结果表明，该算法在容错，实时控制，数据处理速度等方面具有显著的优越性。     

Laves相贮氢合金及其在Ni／MH电池中的研究进展

Ｌａｖｅｓ相贮氢合金是目前贮氢材料研究与开发的热点之一。本文概述了Ｌａｖｅｓ相合金的结构、贮氢机理、贮氢性能以及它在Ｎｉ／ＭＨ电池应用中的最新进展。     

自适应比例因子模糊控制器在异步电动机调速系统中的应用

为了降低转子电阻变化对异步电动机矢量控制系统性能的影响，本文把自适应比例因子模糊控制器应用到了矢量控制系统中。介绍了自适应比例因子模糊控制方法的綦本原理，给出了使用自适应比例因子模糊控制器的异步电动机矢量控制系统的结构框图，对主模糊控制器和辅助模糊控制器进行了设计。仿真实验结果表明，采用这种控制方法的调速系统不仅具有优良的动态性能，而且对转子电阻变化具有很强的鲁棒性。     

Effects of Dual-Electrode Biasing on Er in a Toroidal Plasma

Two externally biased electrodes were inserted into the plasma on the KT-5C tokamak to test the effects on modifying the radial electric field Er, other than single biasing. Using various combinations of biasing voltage,the influences of double biasing are compared with the single biasing. It turns out that the effect of dual-biasing is also effective as a single one, but the outer electrode seems to be shielded by the inner one and show less influence. The results clearly show that the radial electric field Er changed by external biasing is intrinsically an effect localized at the edge of the plasma, which is caused by the electrode induced radial current; and dualelectrode biasing using the method similar to the single biasing seems not to be able to increase more distinctly the peaking effect on Er than the single biasing.     

能进行单分子层生长的相位控制外延

自从分子束外延问世以来,电子衍射仪就是该技术的一种必不可少的仪器,用它来观测生长过程中的结晶情况及表面结构变化。随着MBE技术的发展及研究工作的深入,电子衍射仪的用途也在不断扩展:如观测衍射象的变化探讨晶体的生长机理;利用衍射象随温度的变化来辅助测量衬底温度;通过观测衍射象的振动来控制生长厚度达到分子层的精度等等。本文介绍的“相位控制外延技术”被认为是这些扩展的应用中最有吸引力的。特译出此文,以飨读者。