The generalized Fibonomial matrix

The Fibonomial coefficients are known as interesting generalizations of binomial coefficients. In this paper, we derive a (k+1)th recurrence relation and generating matrix for the Fibonomial coefficients, which we call generalized Fibonomial matrix. We find a nice relationship between the eigenvalues of the Fibonomial matrix and the generalized right-adjusted Pascal matrix; that they have the same eigenvalues. We obtain generating functions, combinatorial representations, many new interesting identities and properties of the Fibonomial coefficients. Some applications are also given as examples.     

Oscillation criteria for nth-order forced functional differential equations

In this paper, by using the method of general means, some new oscillation criteria for forced functional differential equations of the form

     

Synthesis and Antinociceptive Effect of Some Thiazole-Piperazine Derivatives: Involvement of Opioidergic System in the Activity

In this study, we aimed to design and synthesize novel molecules carrying both the thiazole and piperazine rings in their structures and to investigate their antinociceptive activity. Targeted compounds were obtained by reacting thiosemicarbazide derivative and appropriate 2-bromoacetophenone in ethanol. The structures of the obtained compounds were determined using data from various spectroscopic methods (IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and LCMSMS). Experimental data from in vivo tests showed that test compounds 3a–3c, 3f, and 3g (50 mg/kg) significantly prolonged reaction times of animals in tail-clip and hot-plate tests compared to the controls, indicating that these compounds possess centrally mediated antinociceptive activities. Furthermore, these compounds reduced the number of writhing behaviors in the acetic acid-induced writhing tests, showing that the compounds also possess peripheral antinociceptive activity. In the mechanistic studies, naloxone pre-treatments abolished the antinociceptive activities of compounds 3a–3c, 3f, and 3g, indicating that opioidergic mechanisms were involved in their antinociceptive effects. Molecular docking studies demonstrating significant interactions between the active compounds and µ- and δ-opioid receptor proteins supported the pharmacological findings. This study is the first showing that molecules designed to bear thiazole and piperazine moieties together on their structure exert centrally and peripherally mediated antinociceptive effects by activating the opioid system.     

Total phenolic content,ferric reducing and DPPH scavenging activity of Arum dioscoridis

Arum dioscoridis, locally called ‘Gavur pancari’, is a wild plant the leaves of which have been used as vegetable and for preparing special soup which has a sour taste. This study was set up to determine in vitro antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of different extracts of A. dioscoridis. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing activity with different concentrations of ethanol, methanol, acetone and water extracts of the plant leaves. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were widely variable depending on solvents. Ethanol and methanol extractions of the plant material showed better performances with respect to both phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanol and methanol extracts were 100.890 mg/g GAE and 72.643 mg/g QE, respectively. The lower DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing activities were determined in comparison with previous reports and standard synthetic chemicals.     

Determination of olanzapine for therapeutic drug monitoring in schizophrenia patients by LC/MS method

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug from the thienobenzodiazepine family which displays efficacy in patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses. A novel LC/MS method was developed and validated for determination of olanzapine in schizophrenia patients' plasma. A liquid–liquid extraction procedure was carried out using 5 mL diethyl ether–diisopropyl ether mixture (1:1, v/v). Average recovery of the extraction procedure was 94.8%. Chromatographic separation was performed on reversed‐phase C₁₈ column (250 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) using mixture of deionized water (trifluoro acetic acid 0.1%)–acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Irbesartan was used as internal standart and total run time was 2.5 min. Mass spectrometric analysis were carried out in selective‐ion montoring mode, and detected olanzapine at m/z 313.1 and IS at m/z 429.4 in all forms of the ions. The calibration curve of olanzapine was linear in the range 2–300 ng/mL (r² > 0.9993). The interday and intraday precisions (RSD) were <7.55%, and accuracy was >7.59% (n = 6). The proposed study was successfully validated with respect to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines.     

Discovery and evaluation of inhibitory activity and mechanism of arylcoumarin derivatives on Theileria annulata enolase by in vitro and molecular docking studies

Molecular Diversity - In this study, the inhibition potential of 3- and 4-arylcoumarin derivatives on Theileria annulata enolase (TaENO) was assessed for the first time in the literature. Firstly,...     

Multiplication operators on Cesàro second order function spaces

Positivity - In this article, we investigate bounded, invertible and compact multiplication operators on the second order Cesàro function spaces.     

Metal complexes and solvent extraction properties of isonitrosoacetophenone 2-aminobenzoylhydrazone

Three types of copper complexes as well as an oximate-bridged nickel complex with isonitrosoacetophenone 2-aminobenzoylhydrazone (H(2)L) have been prepared in ethanolic solution and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, (1)H NMR, UV-vis and magnetic susceptibility measurement. IR spectra show the ligand coordinates as a neutral, monoanionic and dianionic O,N,N-tridentate acylhydrazoneoxime ligand depending reaction conditions and metal salts employed. The elemental analyses results, spectroscopic and magnetic data are consistent with the formation of mononuclear copper complexes and binuclear complexes with both copper and nickel. The effects of varying pH and solvent on the absorption behavior of both ligand and complexes have been investigated. The extraction ability of acylhydrazoneoxime ligand has been examined by the liquid-liquid extraction of selected transition metal [Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Co(2+), Cr(3+), Hg(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+) and Mn(2+)] cations. The ligand shows strong binding ability toward copper(II) ion.     

Fully bio-based thiol-ene photocured thermosets from isosorbide and tung oil

Direct preparation of coatings from neat vegetable oils without any pretreatment or modification is an elegant way of demonstrating the potential of renewable sources and it is also in line with the principles of Green Chemistry. In this work, photocured coatings were prepared from tung oil (TO), hazelnut oil (HN), and isosorbide. First, a dithiol derivative of isosorbide (ISTMP) was synthesized and then mixed with TO, HN, and a cationic photoinitiator. For comparison, formulations were also prepared by using two different commercial thiol compounds. Coating formulations were applied onto glass substrates and cured under UV light where oxidative polymerization and photoinitiated thiol-ene addition reactions took place concomitantly. Double bond conversion percentages, thermal degradation properties, water contact angles, and surface hardness of the coatings were determined. Furthermore, a model reaction between ISTMP and oleic acid was performed to prove that ISTMP reacts with the fatty acid. ISTMP containing formulation displayed a fast initial double bond conversion and its water contact angle value was found as 88 ± 3°. Rigid and thermally stable isosorbide ring improved both the thermal properties and the surface hardness of the coatings.     

Chemoenzymatic route to optically active dihydroxy cyclopenta[b]naphthalenones; precursors for decalin-based bioactive natural products

The development of an efficient chemoenzymatic route for the synthesis of optically active dihydroxy cyclopenta[b]naphthalenones; (+)-1,4a-dihydroxy-4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-2(4H)-one (+)-10 and (+)-1,8a-dihydroxy-4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-2(4H)-one (+)-11 is described. Different lipases and esterases were tested in the enzymatic hydrolysis of the corresponding acetates (±)-4a-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-1-yl acetate (±)-8, (±)-8a-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-1-yl acetate (±)-9, CRL (Candida Rugosa Lipase) and PLE (Pig Liver Esterase) were found to be the most effectual enzymes; for (?)-8 by 47% ee with the corresponding dihydroxy; (+)-10 by 98% ee in the presence of CRL; whereas, (?)-8 was obtained with 40% ee with the corresponding dihydroxy, (+)-10 with 58% ee in the PLE hydrolysis. It was concluded that CRL was the best biocatalyst for the substrate (±)-8. Moreover, enzymatic resolution in the presence of CRL yields, (?)-9 with 46% ee with the corresponding dihydroxy derivative; (+)-11 with 98% ee; however, in the presence of PLE, yields (?)-9 with 36% ee as well as the related dihydroxy derivative; (+)-11 with 49% ee respectively. The study concluded that CRL is the best biocatalyst for compounds (±)-8 and (±)-9.