Synthesis of some acylated 2-pyrazoline and chalcone derivatives

α-Haloesters containing the chalcone structure and α-haloamides containing the pyrazoline ring have been synthesized by reaction of substituted hydroxy chalcones and pyrazoline derivatives (prepared as reported elsewhere; J Chem 8(4):1574–1581, 2011) with chloroacetyl chloride in dry THF in the presence of Et₃N. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, and (for some compounds) ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.     

Temperature‐ and Voltage‐Induced Ligand Rearrangement of a Dynamic Electroluminescent Metallopolymer

A dynamic‐covalent metal‐containing polymer was synthesized by the condensation of linear diamine and dialdehyde subcomponents around copper(I) templates in the presence of bidentate phosphine ligands. In solution, the red polymers undergo a sol–gel transition upon heating to form a yellow gel, a process that can be either reversible or irreversible depending on the solvent used. When fabricated into a light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), the polymer emits infrared light at low voltage. As the voltage is increased, a blue shift in the emission wavelength is observed until yellow light is emitted, a process which is gradually reversed over time upon lowering the voltage. The mechanism underlying these apparently disparate responses is deduced to be due to loss of the copper phosphine complex from the polymer.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Thiosemicarbazones as Possible Antibacterial and Antioxidant Agents

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of 18 novel thiosemicarbazones have been investigated as part of a research program on development of compounds with antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Among the tested compounds, 2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]hydrazine carbothioamide (3g) and 2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-N-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl]hydrazine carbothioamide (4b) showed excellent inhibition potency at low concentration (0.5 μg/mL) against Gram-positive pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus). All tested compounds were also found to possess antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements for the following free supplemental files: Additional text, tables, and figures.]     

Approximate nucleolus-based revenue sharing in airline alliances

Alliances allow the airlines to extend their networks and increase the number of destinations they can access. Different from the traditional single airline approach, in an alliance, partner airlines may sell tickets for the same itinerary. In addition, one itinerary may consist of several flight legs, each of which may be operated by a different airline. A major issue that needs to be addressed is how to share the revenue generated from selling a ticket for a product among the individual airlines in a fair way. The fair allocation of the revenue has a critical importance for the long-term stability of the alliance. We model the problem as a cooperative game and show that the core of the game is non-empty. We propose to use a revenue proration scheme based on the concept of the nucleolus. The numerical studies reveal that the revenue shares can effectively be computed even for large alliance networks.     

Hydrogen ion-selective poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode based on a calix[4]arene.

A hydrogen ion-selective poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode was constructed using 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetracyanomethoxycalix[4]arene as a neutral carrier. The electrode showed an apparent Nernstian response in the 2-11.5 pH range with a slope of 54.0 +/- 0.2 mV/pH at 20 +/- degrees C. This electrode showed a rapid response of the emf to changes in the pH, high ion selectivity with respect to lithium, sodium and potassium, and characteristics similar to those reported for the conventional pH glass membrane electrode. It can be used as a potentiometric indicator electrode in hydrofluoric acid solutions. The effects of iodide, thiocyanate, perchlorate and bromide on the characteristics of the electrode were also considered.     

Drying of PAAm Hydrogels at Various Temperatures: A Fluorescence Study

The steady‐state fluorescence (SSF) technique was employed for studying the drying of polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels. Disc‐shaped hydrogels were prepared by free‐radical crosslinking copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) with N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (BIS) as crosslinker in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. Pyranine (P) was introduced as a fluorescence probe and the intensity of pyranine was monitored during in situ drying at various temperatures. It was observed that the fluorescence intensity of pyranine increased during the drying process. A supporting, gravimetrical experiment was also performed. A phenomenological equation was introduced to determine the desorption coefficient, D, of water molecules from the drying hydrogels at various temperatures. The desorption activation energy, ΔE _d, values were measured for the drying processes and found to be 91.08 and 36.82 kJ mol^–1 by fluorescence and gravimetrical methods, respectively. This difference most probably originates from the origin of the techniques; the fluorescence technique measures the parameters at a molecular level, whereas the gravimetrical technique measures a parameter in the bulk.     

Studying of the critical exponents around the glass transition in bulk polymerization of ethyl methacrylate by using fluorescence techniques

The glass transition during bulk polymerization was studied in free-radical crosslinking copolymerization (FCC) of ethyl methacrylate (EMA), using both the steady-state fluorescence (SSF) and the fast transient fluorescence (FTRF) techniques. Pyrene (Py) was used as a fluorescence probe. Changes in the viscosity of the pregel solutions due to gel formation dramatically enhance the fluorescent yield of Py molecules. The reaction time at which the Py intensity and lifetime exhibit a sudden increase corresponds to the reaction time at which the rate of polymerization becomes maximum resulting from the gel effect. This effect is used to study the gelation of EMA, as a function of time, at various crosslinker concentrations and different temperatures. The results were interpreted in the view of percolation theory. The gel fraction, β and weight average degree of polymerization, γ exponents β?=?0.37?±?0.01, γ?=?1.71?±?0.04 and β?=?0.36?±?0.002, γ?=?1.687?±?0.01 are found in agreement with percolation results for SSF and FTRF measurements, respectively.     

Measurement of mass attenuation coefficients for undoped and boron nitride–doped magnesium diboride superconductors in the x-ray region 8.04–59.5 keV

In this study, mass attenuation coefficients of the undoped and 2% boron nitride–doped magnesium diboride superconductor samples were investigated. Mass attenuation coefficients were measured at 8.04–59.5?keV x-ray energies by using a high-purity germanium detector with a resolution of 182?eV at 5.9?keV. It is observed that mass attenuation coefficients in undoped and doped magnesium diboride samples decrease with increasing photon energy, and doping with the boron nitride leads to increase the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation.