Circuit behavior modeling and compact testing performanceevaluation

A realistic modeling of circuit output error patterns with random test inputs is suggested. The model can be used as the basis for accurate evaluation of the probability of aliasing in compact testing. For several example compression techniques, the following aspects are investigated: identification of the error patterns that cause aliasing; asymptotic effectiveness analysis; and comparative simulation study with a limited number of random test vectors applied     

Experimental validation of crosstalk simulations for on-chip interconnects using S-parameters

Since the design of advanced microprocessors is based on simulation tools, accurate assessments of the amount of crosstalk noise are of paramount importance to avoid logic failures and less-than-optimal designs. With increasing clock frequencies, inductive effects become more important, and the validity of assumptions commonly used in simulation tools and approaches is unclear. We compared accurate experimental S-parameters with results derived from both magneto-quasi-static and full-wave simulation tools for simple crosstalk structures with various capacitive and inductive couplings, in the presence of parallel and orthogonal conductors. Our validation approach made possible the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of both tools as a function of frequency, which provides useful guidance to designers who have to balance the tradeoffs between accuracy and computation expenses for a large variety of cases     

Delay constrained optimal resource utilization of wireless networks for distributed control systems

An optimal resource utilization framework to analyze the impact of end-to-end delay thresholds on the wireless network throughput is developed. In contrast to conventional networks where lumped transmission and queuing delays are used to model the end-to-end delay, the proposed framework models these delay components separately to analyze their relative contribution to the end-to-end delay when stringent delay thresholds are used. A 'log' utility maximization problem is formulated and its distributed implementation using dual decomposition is proposed. Our optimization results show that decreasing the delay threshold leads to larger contribution from the transmission delay to the end-to-end delay.     

Charged spherically symmetric solution in Mikhail-Wanas field theory

A set of coupled differential equations obtained by Wanas in the Mikhail-Wanas generalized field theory is completely integrated.     

CMOS implementation of a multiple-valued logic signed-digit fulladder based on negative-differentiaI-resistance devices

This paper presents a fully integrated implementation of a multivalued-logic signed-digit full adder (SDFA) circuit using a standard 0.6-μm CMOS process. The radix-2 SDFA circuit, based on two-peak negative-differentiaI-resistance (NDR) devices, has been implemented using MOS-NDR, a new prototyping technique for circuits that combine MOS transistors and NDR devices. In MOS-NDR, the folded current-voltage characteristics of NDR devices such as resonant-tunneling diodes (RTDs) are emulated using only nMOS transistors. The SDFA prototype has been fabricated and correct function has been verified. With an area of 123.75 by 38.7 μm² and a simulated propagation delay of 17 ns, the MOS-NDR prototype is more than 15 times smaller and slightly faster than the equivalent hybrid RTD-CMOS implementation     

Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Walnut (Juglans regia) Bark with Characterization of the Antibacterial Activity against Streptococcus mutans

A green method using Juglans regia bark extract was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles at room temperature with monitoring by absorption spectroscopy. The size and shape of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The average particle size was from 10 to 30?nm. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for the separation, identification, and quantification of components of the plant extracts. A possible mechanism for the synthesis of nanoparticles was elucidated based on the GC–MS results. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed effective inhibition against Streptococcus mutans, which is the main causative agent for dental caries. The nanoparticles also showed promising antibiofilm activity by inhibiting the glucosyltransferase enzyme.     

Thermodynamics of Lema$$\hat{i}$$ tre−Tolman−Bondi Model

Here we consider our universe as inhomogeneous spherically symmetric Lema [^(i)]{\hat{i}} tre−Tolman−Bondi Model and analyze the thermodynamics of this model of the universe. The trapping horizon is calculated and is found to coincide with the apparent horizon. The Einstein field equations are shown to be equivalent with the unified first law of thermodynamics. Finally assuming the first law of thermodynamics validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics is examined at the apparent horizon for the perfect fluid and at the event horizon for holographic dark energy.     

The Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics of?the?Universe Bounded by the Event Horizon and?Modified Gravity Theories

In this paper, we investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics of the universe bounded by the event horizon. Here we consider homogeneous and isotropic model of the universe filled with perfect fluid in one case and in another case holographic model of the universe has been considered. In the third case the matter in the universe is taken in the form of non-interacting two fluid system as holographic dark energy and dust. Here we study the above cases in the Modified gravity, f(R) gravity.