全文获取类型
收费全文 | 395611篇 |
免费 | 5909篇 |
国内免费 | 1403篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 186934篇 |
晶体学 | 4618篇 |
力学 | 13689篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
数学 | 41358篇 |
物理学 | 98919篇 |
无线电 | 57398篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2272篇 |
2020年 | 2563篇 |
2019年 | 2521篇 |
2018年 | 2522篇 |
2017年 | 2418篇 |
2016年 | 4965篇 |
2015年 | 4100篇 |
2014年 | 5563篇 |
2013年 | 16314篇 |
2012年 | 12812篇 |
2011年 | 15927篇 |
2010年 | 10065篇 |
2009年 | 10562篇 |
2008年 | 15946篇 |
2007年 | 16616篇 |
2006年 | 16107篇 |
2005年 | 15101篇 |
2004年 | 13540篇 |
2003年 | 12086篇 |
2002年 | 11821篇 |
2001年 | 12642篇 |
2000年 | 10145篇 |
1999年 | 8312篇 |
1998年 | 7091篇 |
1997年 | 6879篇 |
1996年 | 6925篇 |
1995年 | 6439篇 |
1994年 | 6111篇 |
1993年 | 5909篇 |
1992年 | 6338篇 |
1991年 | 6202篇 |
1990年 | 5718篇 |
1989年 | 5351篇 |
1988年 | 5562篇 |
1987年 | 4601篇 |
1986年 | 4450篇 |
1985年 | 6245篇 |
1984年 | 6283篇 |
1983年 | 5175篇 |
1982年 | 5557篇 |
1981年 | 5570篇 |
1980年 | 5283篇 |
1979年 | 5313篇 |
1978年 | 5315篇 |
1977年 | 5246篇 |
1976年 | 5148篇 |
1975年 | 5056篇 |
1974年 | 4894篇 |
1973年 | 5043篇 |
1972年 | 2907篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
991.
Buffer analysis has traditionally relied heavily on the use of traffic models with short range (exponentially decaying) autocorrelation, e.g. Poisson and Markov modulated Poisson processes. Recent literature has suggested the presence of traffic with slowly (hyperbolically) decaying autocorrelation functions; these sources collectively and individually seem to be exhibiting the phenomenon of long range dependence (LRD). Furthermore, it has been claimed that this sort of traffic may exhibit behaviour, when buffered, that is advantageous in that a smaller buffer may be required than would be the case with non-LRD traffic. This phenomenon has been named the crossover effect, and the authors quantify its relevance to ATM networking, using simulation studies of a homogenous mix of chaotic sources. These show that there is a crossover effect, but the key finding is that this effect is much nearer to a buffer length of zero than was predicted by previous theoretical studies, actually occurring at a value so low that it has no practical significance 相似文献
992.
The moment method is used to calculate electromagnetic backscattering from one-dimensionally rough surfaces at near-grazing incidence (angles of incidence up to 89°). A periodic representation of the scattering surface is used to prevent edge effects in the calculated scattering without the use of an artificial illumination weighting function. A set of universal series common to all elements of the moment interaction matrix are derived that allow the efficient application of the moment method to the periodic surface. Comparison with other moment method implementations demonstrates the efficiency of this approach. The scattering from surfaces with Gaussian roughness spectra is calculated at both horizontal and vertical polarizations, and the results are compared with the theoretical predictions of the small-perturbation method (SPM) and Kirchhoff approximation (KA). SPM shows the expected loss of accuracy in predicting the vertically polarized backscattering from small-roughness, short-correlation-length surfaces at large incidence angles. SPM accurately predicts the backscattering from the same type of surface at incidence up to 89° at horizontal polarization, KA provides accurate estimates of the scattering from long correlation-length surfaces as long as the incidence angle is small enough that surface self-shadowing does not occur. When shadowing occurs, KA severely underpredicts vertically polarized backscattering and less severely overpredicts backscattering at horizontal polarization 相似文献
993.
J.-L. Hainaut V. Englebert J. Henrard J.-M. Hick D. Roland 《Applied Categorical Structures》1996,3(1-2):9-45
This paper analyzes the requirements that CASE tools should meet for effective database reverse engineering (DBRE), and proposes
a general architecture for data-centered applications reverse engineering CASE environments. First, the paper describes a
generic DBMS-independent DBRE methodology, then it analyzes the main characteristics of DBRE activities in order to collect
a set of desirable requirements. Finally, it describes DB-MAIN, an operational CASE tool developed according to these requirements.
The main features of this tool that are described in this paper are its unique generic specification model, its repository,
its transformation toolkit, its user interface, the text processors, the assistants, the methodological control and its functional
extensibility. Finally, the paper describes five real-world projects in which the methodology and the CASE tool were applied.
This is a heavily revised and extended version of “Requirements for Information System Reverse Engineering Support” by J.-L.
Hainaut, V. Englebert, J. Henrard, J.-M. Hick, D. Roland, which first appeared in the Proceedings of the Second Working Conference
on Reverse Engineering, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 136–145, July 1995. This paper presents some results of the DB-MAIN
project. This project is partially supported by the Région Wallonne, the European Union, and by a consortium comprising ACEC-OSI (Be), ARIANE-II (Be), Banque UCL (Lux), BBL (Be), Centre de recherche public H.
Tudor (Lux), CGER (Be), Cockerill-Sambre (Be), CONCIS (Fr), D'Ieteren (Be), DIGITAL, EDF (Fr), EPFL (CH), Groupe S (Be), IBM,
OBLOG Software (Port), ORIGIN (Be), Ville de Namur (Be), Winterthur (Be), 3 Suisses (Be). The DB-Process subproject is supported
by the Communauté Fran?aise de Belgique. 相似文献
994.
W. A. Rodrigues Jr. Q. A. G. de Souza J. Vaz Jr. P. Lounesto 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》1996,35(9):1849-1900
In this paper we study Dirac-Hestenes spinor fields (DHSF) on a four-dimensional Riemann-Cartan spacetime (RCST). We prove that these fields must be defined as certain equivalence classes of even sections of the Clifford bundle (over the RCST), thereby being certain particular sections of a new bundle named the spin-Clifford bundle (SCB). The conditions for the existence of the SCB are studied and are shown to be equivalent to Geroch's theorem concerning the existence of spinor structures in a Lorentzian spacetime. We introduce also the covariant and algebraic Dirac spinor fields and compare these with DHSF, showing that all three kinds of spinor fields contain the same mathematical and physical information. We clarify also the notion of (Crumeyrolle's) amorphous spinors (Dirac-Kähler spinor fields are of this type), showing that they cannot be used to describe fermionic fields. We develop a rigorous theory for the covariant derivatives of Clifford fields (sections of the Clifford bundle, CB) and of Dirac-Hestenes spinor fields. We show how to generalize the original Dirac-Hestenes equation in Minkowski spacetime for the case of RCST. Our results are obtained from a variational principle formulated through the multiform derivative approach to Lagrangian field theory in the Clifford bundle. 相似文献
995.
Using dynamic data exchange to exchange information between Visual Basic and Matlab : Application to a diode array spectrophotometer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Photodiode array spectrometers are increasingly being coupled to flow analysis and separation techniques. Computer programs are needed to control the data acquisition from each photodiode and to handle the data. The Microsoft Visual Basic programming language is used along with a DLL library and dynamic data exchange (DDE) to allow communication with the MATLAB computational environment. 相似文献
996.
A. J. Kalkman H. P. M. Pellemans T. O. Klaassen W. Th. Wenckebach 《Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves》1996,17(3):569-577
The low temperature lifetime of electrons excited in the 2p?1 donor level of n-GaAs has been studied in a far-infrared pump-probe experiment. The measurement has been carried out using a pulsed far-infrared molecular gas laser working at a wavelength of 292µm, with the sample in a magnetic field of 5.1 T, resonant with the 1so?2p?1 transition. Two FIR pulses are sliced from one FIR-laser pulse by means of optical switching techniques using two Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers. The first pulse is used to saturate the transition, while the second pulse probes the return of the population in the excited state towards thermal equilibrium as a function of the time delay after the excitation pulse. The value of 350±50 ns found for the lifetime falls in line with CW saturation results on materials with other doping concentrations. 相似文献
997.
In this paper we describe a method for separating a combination of a chaotic time series and a discrete-valued signal. The method uses a feedback technique stabilised using knowledge of the chaotic system and the discrete nature of the signal. It is not based on a linearization of the dynamics, and therefore, unlike previously proposed separation methods, does not require that the signal be small. Nor does it make any assumptions about the relative timescales of the signal and the chaotic time series. 相似文献
998.
The dynamical algebra of theq-deformed harmonic oscillator is constructed. As a result, we find the free deformed Hamiltonian as well as the Hamiltonian of the deformed oscillator as a complicated, momentum dependent interaction Hamiltonian in terms of the usual canonical variables. Furthermore we construct a welldefined algebraSU q(1,1) with consistent conjugation properties and comultiplication. We obtain non lowest weight representations of this algebra. 相似文献
999.
Two recursive algorithms are presented for calculating the coefficients of a bandpass transfer function, given the lowpass prototype transfer function. In both cases, the method is general, valid for prototypes having both poles and zeros, and provides excellent accuracy. Moreover, it is shown that the coefficients of band-rejection filters can be derived by using either algorithm.<> 相似文献
1000.
M. Bennahmias H. B. Radousky T. J. Goodwin R. N. Shelton 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1993,22(10):1189-1193
Magnetic characterization has been performed on the members of the cuprateniobate RBa2Cu2NbO8 (R = Pr, Nd, and La) series and R1.5Ce0.5Sr2Cu2NbO10 (R = Pr, Eu, Nd, and Sm) series. The PrBCNO samples show a signature in the magnetization of a magnetic ordering at 12K.
The PrCSCNO sample is nonsuperconducting and shows two distinct orderings at 17K and 53K. No such magnetic phase transition
is observed down to 2K in the Nd and La based RBCNO materials or the Nd, Sm, and Eu based RCSCNO materials. Measurements of
the lower critical field curve, dc irreversibility line, and critical curent densities are reported for each of the superconducting
NdCSCNO, SmCSCNO, and EuCSCNO compounds. 相似文献