基于时频域深度网络的海面小目标特征检测

为了提升海杂波背景下小目标探测性能,本文提出一种基于时频域深度网络的特征检测方法。首先,将观测向量转换为归一化时频图（Normalized Time-Frequency Graph, NTFG）,实现海杂波抑制。在时频域,建立海杂波、含正多普勒偏移目标回波、含负多普勒偏移目标回波的三分类问题,精细化目标落在主杂波带内外的不同特性。其次,引入Inception-ResNet V2深度网络作为特征提取器,自主学习不同类别在NTFG上的深层差异性,并将差异性浓缩为一个2D特征向量。然后,在2D特征空间中,设计具有引导的三次样条曲线,获得虚警可控的判决区域,实现异常检测。最后,IPIX实测数据验证了所提算法的性能优势,能深入挖掘时频域的特性。     

基于深度学习的高频雷达射频干扰自动识别与抑制

高频地波雷达的探测性能极易受到射频干扰的影响,当前射频干扰抑制的研究主要是通过人工识别来逐一处理,鲜见实时自动识别与抑制射频干扰的研究。随着深度学习在雷达图像处理方面应用的展开,本文尝试将其引入高频雷达射频干扰抑制中,利用YOLO (You Only Look Once)模型来识别雷达距离多普勒谱图中的射频干扰,继而用高阶奇异值分解(Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition, HOSVD)方法对其进行抑制。仿真和实测数据处理结果表明,此YOLO-HOSVD联合算法实现了对高频雷达射频干扰的自动识别与抑制,单场数据处理时间不超过1.8 s。该方法可以应用于高频地波雷达常规海态观测。     

电动汽车锂离子电池荷电状态估算方法研究综述

锂离子电池具有循环寿命长、能量密度高、自放电率低、环境污染小等优点,在电动汽车产业中得到广泛应用.电动汽车中的电池管理系统(BMS)可以维护和监测电池状态,确保电池的安全性和可靠性.电池荷电状态(SoC)表示电池中剩余的电量,是BMS的重要参数之一,实时精确的SoC估算可以延长电池寿命,保障行驶安全.然而锂离子电池是一个高度复杂的非线性时变系统,电池寿命、环境温度、电池自放电等许多未知因素均会对估算精度造成影响,使估算难度大大增加.为了满足不同条件下对锂离子电池SoC精确、快速、实时估算的要求,需要对SoC估计算法进行进一步研究与改进.近年来已有相关文献对锂离子电池SoC的估算方法进行了综述,然而已有相关综述对估算方法的总结不够全面且缺少流程表达.该文首先介绍了锂离子电池的工作原理,阐述了影响电池SoC估算的因素;其次,通过总结最新的研究成果对电池SoC估算方法进行了归纳分析,根据各类算法的不同特性将其分为查表法、安时积分法、基于模型的方法、数据驱动的方法以及混合方法五大类,说明了各类估算方法的主要特征并对模型或算法的优缺点进行综合的比较和讨论;最后,对电动汽车中锂离子电池SoC估算方法的未来发展方向做出展望.     

一种高动态低信噪比环境下基于多样本点串行快速傅里叶变换的信号捕获方法

高超音速技术是未来空间飞行器的发展趋势,同时对通信平台在超高动态、低信噪比环境下的快速捕获能力也提出了新的挑战.针对经典捕获算法受频偏影响的局限性,该文提出一种基于信号多样本点串行快速傅里叶变换的信号捕获算法(MS-FFT),所提算法通过串行执行多个样本点的FFT,采用非相干合并后的峰值搜索得到捕获结果,在不增加复杂度的条件下,避免了频偏对捕获性能的影响.通过对峰值信噪比(PSNR)理论公式的推导,证明了MS-FFT的频偏适应范围取决于采样率,随着数模转换器件采样能力的不断提升,具有比经典算法更大的频偏适应范围.最后,通过仿真验证了上述理论推导的正确性,证明了所提算法更加适合超高动态环境的应用场景.     

Effect of microcrystallite preparation conditions on the formation of colloid crystals of cellulose

Stable colloidal suspensions of cellulose microcrystallites may be prepared from filter paper by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Above a critical concentration, the suspensions form a chiral nematic ordered phase, or colloid crystal. The preparation conditions govern the properties of the individual cellulose microcrystallites, and hence the liquid crystalline phase separation of the cellulose suspensions. The particle properties and the phase separation of the suspensions were strongly dependent on the hydrolysis temperature and time, and on the intensity of the ultrasonic irradiation used to disperse the particles. The particle size of the microcrystallites was characterized with transmission electron microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. The surface charge was determined by conductometric titration. It was possible to fractionate the microcrystallites by size using the partitioning between isotropic and liquid crystalline phases; the longer microcrystallites migrate to the liquid crystalline phase     

Surface chemistry of nanoscale Fe_3O_4 dispersed in magnetic fluids

The interaction between stabilizers and nanoparticles is one of the important factors to prepare stable magnetic fluids. The magnetic nano-size Fe3O4 core with single domain and the average grain size around 8-12 nm were prepared by chemical precipitation method. The O/Fe molar ratio of the particle surface was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The heat effects of stabilizers ad- sorption on nanoparticles were measured by solution calorimetry. The excess amount of oxygen was possibly the result of the hydroxygen formed on the surface of the nanoparticles. The heat effects showed that compounds containing carboxyl groups can be adsorbed chemically on magnetite by forming chemical bonds. The other stabilizers involving NH-groups, such as polyethylene-imine, can be adsorbed physically. The exothermic value is about half of the former case.     

Correlation Analysis of the Runoff of the Rivers and the Seisms in China

In recent hundred years the annual discharge variations of the Changjiang River (represented by the Yichang station) and the Huanghe River (represented by Shanxian and Tangnaihe, respectively) have closely related to the geographical distribution of the earthquakes coming about in China in the same year, Both the occurrence of the destructive seism or seismic swarm in the river basins and the disappearance of the shocks in the east and south of the basins are the conditions that the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers are the high flow while that the strong earthquake of magnitude 7 or more occurred in North China is the condition for the Changjiang low flow year and that of 6 or more in the Qilian Mountains area is for the Huanghe River. In the latter part of this paper, a 2-year sample is given to explain that the conditions of the 2 rivers being high flow years are that the north-south seismic belt is active and in the meanwhile no seism occurred in South China, and those of the low flow year are that the     

化合物Cs5EuCl8·14H2O和Cs2EuCl5·4H2O的制备和荧光性

The two new compounds Cs₅EuCl₈·14H₅O(5∶1 type) and Cs₂EuCl₅·4H₂O(2∶1 type) were found and syn-thesized from CsCl-EuCl₃-11%HCl-H₂O quaternary systems by phase equilibrium method, and were characterized and measured by ultra-violet absorption spectrometry and fluorescence spectrum. The results show that upconversion spectrum exhibit at 590nm and 610nm exited at 790nm, and the upconversion intensity increases with the EuCl₃ ratio increasing in CsCl.     

A New β-Carboline Alkaloid and a New Derivate of Isoferulic Acid from Anemone altaica

A new β-carboline alkaloid, 4-（9H-β-carbolin-1-yl）-4-oxobutyric acid and a new derivate of isoferulic acid, （E）-3-（3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl）acrylic acid carboxymethyl ester, were isolated from the roots of Anemone altaica. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data.