双馈感应风电机组仿真建模及实证研究

随着对可再生能源利用规模的不断扩大,我国风电的装机容量迅速增加,这将给电网的安全稳定运行,系统的发供电平衡以及调峰调频带来越来越多的问题。鉴于此,吉林省电力有限公司与东北电力大学合作进行了风机建模和风力发电对电网动态行为影响的评价研究。为获得双馈风电机组的真实特性以及校验所建模型的准确性,进行了我国首次接于实际电力大系统中的风电场短路试验。本文给出了基于PSCAD/ EMTDC仿真平台的两相旋转坐标系下的双馈感应风电机组电磁暂态模型,并利用该模型模拟联网运行双馈感应风电机组稳态运行及系统发生故障时的动态行为,通过对实测波形和仿真波形的对比分析验证了所建模型的有效性。     

新型树枝分子的宽带多光子荧光发射

用飞秒Ti∶sapphire激光研究了3个树枝分子1,2,4,5-四(4-N,N-二苯氨基苯乙烯基)苯(TPAB)、1,2,4,5-四[4-N,N-二(4-溴苯基)氨基苯乙烯基]苯(TPAB-Br)和1,2,4,5-四{4-{N,N-双{4-{4-[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]苯乙烯基}苯基}氨基}苯乙烯基}苯(TPAB-OXA)的多光子吸收及上转换荧光性质.在二氯甲烷溶液中3个生色团分子TPAB,TPAB-Br和TPAB-OXA在800 nm飞秒光激发的双光子荧光发射波长分别为569,535和621 nm,在1300 nm飞秒光激发的三光子频率上转换荧光发射波长分别为566,534和610 nm,采用非线性透过率法测得在四氢呋喃(THF)溶液中TPAB,TPAB-Br和TPAB-OXA在800 nm和150fs激光激发下双光子吸收截面分别为61.86×10-50,6.19×10-50和65.98×10-50 cm4.s/photon;在1300 nm和80 fs激光激发下三光子吸收截面分别为3.88×10-79,7.76×10-79和27.17×10-79 cm6.s2.树枝分子具有很强的多光子吸收和上转换荧光发射能力,多光子荧光发射波长位于500～600 nm.     

Liquid crystal phase behavior of sterically-stabilized goethite

The liquid crystalline phase behavior of sterically-stabilized goethite particles in toluene was studied using small-angle X-ray scattering. The results were compared with those from charged particles in water, with and without magnetic field: similarly rich phase behavior was found. Furthermore, the special magnetic properties were retained after coating the particles with amino-functionalized polyisobutylene chains. A remarkable difference between the aqueous and toluene samples is the latter's tendency to form gels. Smaller domains of the different liquid crystalline phases were observed and the columnar phase does not fully develop, furthermore a higher field is needed to align the full sample.     

High resolution electronic spectroscopy of 9-fluorenemethanol in the gas phase: new insights into the properties of Π-hydrogen bonds

Rotationally resolved S(1)←S(0) fluorescence excitation spectra of 9-fluorenemethanol (9FM) and deuterated 9-fluorenemethanol (9FMD) have been observed and assigned. Two conformers were detected; sym-9FM and unsym-9FM. The sym conformer has the -OH group symmetrically placed above the fluorene short axis, with its hydrogen atom pointing towards the top of an aromatic ring, whereas the unsym conformer has the -OH group tilted away from this axis, with its hydrogen atom pointing towards the side of an aromatic ring. Only the sym conformer shows a tunneling splitting associated with the torsional motion of the -OH group; the unsym conformer is "rigid." Additionally, a third subband was observed in the spectrum of sym-9FMD, evidencing secondary minima on the potential energy surfaces of the ground and excited electronic states. Studies of these surfaces along the -OH torsional coordinate provide new insights into the properties of π-hydrogen bonds.     

Phthalocyanine-pyrene conjugates: a powerful approach toward carbon nanotube solar cells

In the present work, a new family of pyrene (Py)-substituted phthalocyanines (Pcs), i.e., ZnPc-Py and H(2)Pc-Py, were designed, synthesized, and probed in light of their spectroscopic properties as well as their interactions with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The pyrene units provide the means for non-covalent functionalization of SWNTs via π-π interactions. Such a versatile approach ensures that the electronic properties of SWNTs are not impacted by the chemical modification of the carbon skeleton. The characterization of ZnPc-Py/SWNT and H(2)Pc-Py/SWNT has been performed in suspension and in thin films by means of different spectroscopic and photoelectrochemical techniques. Transient absorption experiments reveal photoinduced electron transfer between the photoactive components. ZnPc-Py/SWNT and H(2)Pc-Py/SWNT have been integrated into photoactive electrodes, revealing stable and reproducible photocurrents with monochromatic internal photoconversion efficiency values for H(2)Pc-Py/SWNT as large as 15 and 23% without and with an applied bias of +0.1 V.     

Accumulation of tetrahedral intermediates in cholinesterase catalysis: a secondary isotope effect study

In a previous communication, kinetic β-deuterium secondary isotope effects were reported that support a mechanism for substrate-activated turnover of acetylthiocholine by human butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) wherein the accumulating reactant state is a tetrahedral intermediate ( Tormos , J. R. ; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005 , 127 , 14538 - 14539 ). In this contribution additional isotope effect experiments are described with acetyl-labeled acetylthiocholines (CL(3)COSCH(2)CH(2)N(+)Me(3); L = H or D) that also support accumulation of the tetrahedral intermediate in Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase (DmAChE) catalysis. In contrast to the aforementioned BuChE-catalyzed reaction, for this reaction the dependence of initial rates on substrate concentration is marked by pronounced substrate inhibition at high substrate concentrations. Moreover, kinetic β-deuterium secondary isotope effects for turnover of acetylthiocholine depended on substrate concentration, and gave the following: (D3)k(cat)/K(m) = 0.95 ± 0.03, (D3)k(cat) = 1.12 ± 0.02 and (D3)βk(cat) = 0.97 ± 0.04. The inverse isotope effect on k(cat)/K(m) is consistent with conversion of the sp(2)-hybridized substrate carbonyl in the E + A reactant state into a quasi-tetrahedral transition state in the acylation stage of catalysis, whereas the markedly normal isotope effect on k(cat) is consistent with hybridization change from sp(3) toward sp(2) as the reactant state for deacylation is converted into the subsequent transition state. Transition states for Drosophila melanogaster AChE-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine were further characterized by measuring solvent isotope effects and determining proton inventories. These experiments indicated that the transition state for rate-determining decomposition of the tetrahedral intermediate is stabilized by multiple protonic interactions. Finally, a simple model is proposed for the contribution that tetrahedral intermediate stabilization provides to the catalytic power of acetylcholinesterase.     

Cell-penetrant, nanomolar O-GlcNAcase inhibitors selective against lysosomal hexosaminidases

Posttranslational modification of metazoan nucleocytoplasmic proteins with N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is essential, dynamic, and inducible and can compete with protein phosphorylation in signal transduction. Inhibitors of O-GlcNAcase, the enzyme removing O-GlcNAc, are useful tools for studying the role of O-GlcNAc in a range of cellular processes. We report the discovery of nanomolar OGA inhibitors that are up to 900,000-fold selective over the related lysosomal hexosaminidases. When applied at nanomolar concentrations on live cells, these cell-penetrant molecules shift the O-GlcNAc equilibrium toward hyper-O-GlcNAcylation with EC?? values down to 3 nM and are thus invaluable tools for the study of O-GlcNAc cell biology.     

A characterization of the Raman modes in a J-aggregate-forming dye: a comparison between theory and experiment

J-Aggregates are a class of organic molecules that possess several interesting characteristics that make them attractive for a range of organic-based optoelectronic devices. We present experimental and computer-simulation studies of the Raman-active vibrational modes in the J-aggregate-forming dye 5,6-dichloro-2-[[5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)benzimidazol-2-ylidene]propenyl]-1-ethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)benzimidazolium hydroxide, sodium salt, inner salt. The molecular monomer and dimer are analyzed computationally and the Raman mode energies extracted. There is a good agreement between the energies of the theoretical and experimental Raman modes. Experimentally, an enhancement is seen in the intensity of two low frequency modes upon aggregation of the dye. This is attributed to aggregation-enhanced Raman scattering. An enhancement is also observed in certain modes of the calculated spectra upon changing from a monomer to dimeric arrangement. A link is suggested between the Raman-active vibrational modes of the molecule, and a time-dependent electronic coupling present over several molecules.     

Enzyme-assisted binary probe for sensitive detection of RNA and DNA

The new enzyme-assisted assay for DNA/RNA detection provides real-time fluorescent signal readout along with low limit of detection and high discrimination power toward a single-base substitution. Requiring only two new unmodified DNA oligonucleotides for the detection of each new analyte, the assay is an efficient tool for low-cost analysis of multiple analytes.     

Neural spike train synchronization indices: definitions, interpretations, and applications

A comparison of previously defined spike train syncrhonization indices is undertaken within a stochastic point process framework. The second-order cumulant density (covariance density) is shown to be common to all the indices. Simulation studies were used to investigate the sampling variability of a single index based on the second-order cumulant. The simulations used a paired motoneurone model and a paired regular spiking cortical neurone model. The sampling variability of spike trains generated under identical conditions from the paired motoneurone model varied from 50% to 160% of the estimated value. On theoretical grounds, and on the basis of simulated data a rate dependence is present in all synchronization indices. The application of coherence and pooled coherence estimates to the issue of synchronization indices is considered. This alternative frequency domain approach allows an arbitrary number of spike train pairs to be evaluated for statistically significant differences, and combined into a single population measure. The pooled coherence framework allows pooled time domain measures to be derived, application of this to the simulated data is illustrated. Data from the cortical neurone model is generated over a wide range of firing rates (1-250 spikes/s). The pooled coherence framework correctly characterizes the sampling variability as not significant over this wide operating range. The broader applicability of this approach to multielectrode array data is briefly discussed.