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91.
Wave equations describing the non-linear two-beam coupling have been solved and expressions for the gain of the two beams in the photorefractive crystals have been derived. In case of the degenerate two-beam coupling, the gain depends upon the crystal thickness, coupling coefficient, absorption coefficient and the input intensity ratio. The effect of these parameters on the gain has been studied in details. In case of non-degenerate two-beam coupling the gain not only depends upon crystal thickness, coupling coefficient, absorption coefficient and the input intensity ratio but also on the response time of the photorefractive medium. This response time is the function of concentration ratio. The influence of oscillation frequency shift, concentration ratio on the gain for the non-degenerate two-beam coupling has also been studied. 相似文献
92.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of VO2+ doped zinc potassium phosphate hexahydrate single crystal is carried out. The angular variation of the spectra is studied in the three crystallographic planes. The principal value of spin Hamiltonian parameters g and A and the direction cosines which principal axes make with the crystallographic axes are determined. The observed values are site I: g∥=1.9664±0.0002, g⊥=1.9973±0.0002, A∥=150±2×10−4, A⊥=60±2×10−4 cm−1; site II: g∥=1.9276±0.0002, g⊥=1.9921±0.0002, A∥=155±2×10−4 and A⊥=62±2×10−4 cm−1. By comparison of direction cosines of g from EPR with the direction cosines of different bonds obtained from crystal structure data it is ascertained that the VO2+ ion occupies Zn2+ substitutional sites. The optical absorption study of the crystal at room temperature is also carried out. The bands observed in the optical absorption spectrum are attributed to d-d transitions. The EPR results together with the optical data are employed to estimate the molecular orbital (MO) coefficients. These MO coefficients (also called bonding coefficients) are further used to discuss the nature of bonding of VO2+ ion with different ligands in the crystal. 相似文献
93.
Mahmood Khalid Jasim Sunil Kumar Maurya Ksh. Newton Singh Riju Nag 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,23(8)
In this paper, we investigated a new anisotropic solution for the strange star model in the context of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity. For this purpose, we used a linear equation of state (EOS), in particular , (where and are constants) together with a well-behaved ansatz for gravitational potential, corresponding to a radial component of spacetime. In this way, we found the other gravitational potential as well as main thermodynamical variables, such as pressures (both radial and tangential) with energy density. The constant parameters of the anisotropic solution were obtained by matching a well-known Boulware-Deser solution at the boundary. The physical viability of the strange star model was also tested in order to describe the realistic models. Moreover, we studied the hydrostatic equilibrium of the stellar system by using a modified TOV equation and the dynamical stability through the critical value of the radial adiabatic index. The mass-radius relationship was also established for determining the compactness and surface redshift of the model, which increases with the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant but does not cross the Buchdahal limit. 相似文献
94.
Hall Mobility of As‐Grown Cu2O Thin Films Obtained Via Electrodeposition on Patterned Au Substrates
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Garima Aggarwal Chandan Das Sumanshu Agarwal Sandeep K. Maurya Pradeep R. Nair K.R. Balasubramaniam 《固体物理学:研究快报》2018,12(1)
Hall measurement of an electrodeposited Cu2O film is rendered difficult as the bilayer structure of semiconductor on top of a conductive substrate obviates the measurement. Here, we propose the use of a patterned Au on glass substrate in line/space configuration for the Hall measurement of electrodeposited Cu2O. A continuous, (111) oriented Cu2O film was electrodeposited on 8 μm/2 μm Au‐line/space on glass substrate and Hall measurement was performed. The room temperature Hall measurement of the Cu2O film on the patterned substrate indicates p‐type conduction with a hole concentration of 2.2 × 1017 cm?3 and mobility of 4.7 × 10?3 cm2 V?1 s?1. Additionally, the temperature dependent resistivity exhibits a negative slope that is characteristic of a semiconductor. Therefore, the measured electrical characteristics can be attributed to the electrodeposited Cu2O semiconductor film rather than the conductive substrate. This method can be applied for the Hall measurement of any other electrodeposited semiconductor by optimizing the line/space geometry of the conductive substrate. 相似文献
95.
96.
97.
K
β-to-K
α X-ray intensity ratios of Fe and Ni in pure metals and in Fe
x
Ni1−x
alloys (x=0.20, 0.50, 0.58) exhibiting similar crystalline structure have been measured following excitation by 59.54 keV γ-rays from a 241Am point source, to understand as to why the properties of permalloy Fe0.2Ni0.8 is distinct from other alloy compositions. It is observed that the valence electronic structure of Fe0.2Ni0.8 alloy is totally different from other alloys which may be attributed to its special magnetic properties. 相似文献
98.
Rahul Maurya Saloni Srivastava Puspraj Singh Chauhan Sanjay Singh Sanjay Kumar Soni 《International Journal of Communication Systems》2020,33(8)
An ever‐escalating demand for wireless applications has caused great concern for the proper exploitation of the accessible radio spectrum. Cognitive radio materializes as an auspicious remedy to the present‐day crisis of spectral congestion, by detecting the licensed primary user (PU). This is accomplished with the assistance of the spectrum sensing technique, which provides an indication of the presence of PU over the spectrum. Energy detection is one of the prevailing spectrum sensing techniques due to its low implementation complexity. In the present work, the performance of an energy detector (ED) over Inverse‐Gamma (I‐Gamma) fading distribution is examined. Initially, a closed‐form expression of the probability density function for I‐Gamma distribution with maximal ratio combining diversity reception is derived. Following it, an investigation of an ED‐based cognitive radio device is carried out in the form of the average probability of detection (PD) and average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). In addition, we also present a performance analysis of an ED with selection combining diversity. Optimization of the detection threshold is also executed alongside the low signal‐to‐noise ratio analysis. In the end, the resulting expression of the PD is exploited to examine the functioning of cooperative spectrum sensing within the erroneous environment. The validation of derived mathematical forms has been confirmed by comparing it with the Monte‐Carlo simulation and exact numerical results. 相似文献
99.