Characterizing the Role of Iodine Doping in Improving Photovoltaic Performance of Dye‐Sensitized Hierarchically Structured ZnO Solar Cells

We report two novel types of hierarchically structured iodine‐doped ZnO (I? ZnO)‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using indoline D205 and the ruthenium complex N719 as sensitizers. It was found that iodine doping boosts the efficiencies of D205 I? ZnO and N719 I? ZnO DSCs with an enhancement of 20.3 and 17.9 %, respectively, compared to the undoped versions. Transient absorption spectra demonstrated that iodine doping impels an increase in the decay time of I? ZnO, favoring enhanced exciton life. Mott–Schottky analysis results indicated a negative shift of the flat‐band potential (V_fb) of ZnO, caused by iodine doping, and this shift correlated with the enhancement of the open circuit voltage (V_oc). To reveal the effect of iodine doping on the effective separation of e^?‐h⁺ pairs which is responsible for cell efficiency, direct visualization of light‐induced changes in the surface potential between I? ZnO particles and dye molecules were traced by Kelvin probe force microscopy. We found that potential changes of iodine‐doped ZnO films by irradiation were above one hundred millivolts and thus significantly greater. In order to correlate enhanced cell performance with iodine doping, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, incident‐photon‐current efficiency, and cyclic voltammetry investigations on I? ZnO cells were carried out. The results revealed several favorable features of I? ZnO cells, that is, longer electron lifetime, lower charge‐transfer resistance, stronger peak current, and extended visible light harvest, all of which serve to promote cell performance.     

5-异烟酰胺异钛酸构筑的Cu(Ⅰ)-Eu和Ni(Ⅱ)-Eu化合物的合成、晶体结构和性质研究

利用不同过渡金属盐在溶剂热中合成了2个新型杂核化合物{[CuEu₂（INAIP）₃（HCOO）（H₂O）₃]·3H₂O}_n（1）和{[NiEu₂（INAIP）₄（H₂O）₄]·4H₂O}_n（2）（INAIP=异烟酰胺吡啶基异酞酸根）,并对其进行了元素分析、IR及X-射线衍射法表征。晶体结构研究表明：配合物1和2都属于三斜晶系,P1空间群。晶胞参数：配合物1a=1.0887（3）nm,b=1.5158（4）nm,c=1.5644（2）nm,V=2.3332（10）nm³,Z=2,D_c=1.955g·cm^-3,μ=3.203mm^-1,F（000）=1352,R_int=0.027,R₁=0.0505,wR₂=0.1309。配合物2a=1.0134（3）nm,b=1.0836（6）nm,c=1.3741（2）nm,V=1.4530（9）nm³,Z=1,D_c=1.878g·cm^-3,μ=2.554mm^-1,F（000）=818,R_int=0.0458,R₁=0.0341,wR₂=0.0869。配合物1是由配体异烟酰胺吡啶基异酞酸连接而成的三维二重贯穿sqc27拓扑结构,而配合物2是由配体异烟酰胺吡啶基异酞酸连接稀土铕离子形成二维层状结构,该二维层通过Ni-O和Ni-N键连接成三维非贯穿网络结构。配合物1和2具有典型的稀土铕离子红色荧光和高的热稳定性。     

加热方式及原料配比对介孔CeO2结构及其光催化性能的影响

以P123（聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物）为模板剂,Ce（NO₃）₃为反应原料,通过考察加热方式、加热温度、原料配比等因素,合成了结构性能较好、表面羟基含量较高的介孔CeO₂材料。利用XRD,N₂吸附-脱附,TEM,Raman,FT-IR等技术对合成样品的结构性能进行了表征,结果表明,当P123与Ce（NO₃）₃物质的量之比为1：10,在110℃水热下合成的CeO₂结构性能最好。以酸性橙7（AO7）为探针分子,对合成介孔CeO₂的光催化性能进行评价。光催化结果证明,由于表面羟基含量较高、介孔及氧缺位的形成,所合成结构性能较好的CeO₂,利用可见光可彻底催化降解溶液中的AO7。     

基于2-丙基-4，5-二甲酸咪唑和4,4-联吡啶的镉(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光性质

通过水热法合成得到了一个包含四核镉(Ⅱ)的基于2-丙基-4,5-二甲酸咪唑和4,4-联吡啶的配位聚合物[Cd2(HPIDC)2(bpy)(H2O)2](1)。X-射线单晶衍射分析结果表明:配合物1属单斜晶系,结晶在c2/c空间群中,晶胞参数为:a=1.936 6(4)nm,b=1.504 1(3)nm,c=2.200 4(5)nm,β=94.990(4)°,V=6.385(2)nm3,Z=8,1.393 mm-1,F(000)=3 216,Dc=1.684 g.cm-3,R1=0.045 8,wR2=0.108 9。通过链间的O-H…O氢键作用,形成了三维的超分子结构。固体荧光测试表明:配合物1在427 nm处发射出较强的荧光。     

4-(4-氯苯重氮基)氨基-4′-氯偶氮苯的合成及其与汞(Ⅱ)的显色反应

合成了新显色剂4-(4-氯苯重氮基)氨基-4′-氯偶氮苯(简称CDACAB),并研究了其与汞(Ⅱ)的显色反应。结果表明,在非离子表面活性剂OP存在下,在pH=10.5的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲介质中,汞(Ⅱ)与CDACAB形成1∶2橙红色络合物,其最大吸收波长位于498nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.15×105 L.mol-1.cm-1。汞(Ⅱ)质量浓度在0～7.0μg/10mL范围内遵守比耳定律。所拟方法用于废水中微量汞(Ⅱ)的测定,相对标准偏差为1.6%～3.1%,回收率为96.5%～103.8%。     

聚苯乙烯提取物的检测与评价

随着材料科学的迅速发展,聚合物材料以不同的形态越来越广泛地应用于食品包装中。但是由于聚合物材料自身的特性及其改性加工,导致了很多低分子量化合物的形成,因而给食品安全性带来很大隐患,也危害着人们的身体健康。为了解决这一问题,在选用材料前,必须分析聚合物材料中低分子化合物的迁移情况,考虑迁移过程对包材使用的影响。实验中选用正庚烷、8%乙醇、50%乙醇和蒸馏水作为食品模拟液,用气相色谱测定聚苯乙烯提取物的迁移量,进而将实验数据分析比较。结果显示,迁移量随着温度的升高和时间的延长而不断增加,溶剂种类的影响为:正庚烷>50%乙醇>8%乙醇>蒸馏水。     

Ce、La改性的Fe-ZSM-5催化剂对NH3-SCR反应性能的影响

采用共浸渍法制备了整体式Ce-Fe/ZSM-5催化剂并用于NH3-SCR反应。实验结果表明,所制备的催化剂具有良好的低温起燃性能,当反应空速为30,000h-1时,起燃温度T50为239℃,完全转化温度T90为328℃。同时该催化剂具有良好的抗水热老化能力、抗硫性和空速性能,表明其具有很好的应用前景。     

超声辅助提取/离子色谱法测定铬污染土壤中的六价铬

建立了超声辅助提取/离子色谱法测定铬污染场地中铬（Ⅵ）的方法。选用0.3 mol/L的KCl溶液作提取剂,对12组土壤样品中的铬（Ⅵ）进行超声辅助提取20 min。采用Metrosep A Supp 4-250（250 mm×4.0mm）型阴离子分离柱,以4 mmol/L Na₂CO₃-1 mmol/L NaHCO₃混合溶液为淋洗液对样品进行分离分析。铬（Ⅵ）在0.01²0 mg/L浓度范围有较好的线性关系,相关系数（r²）为0.999 8;该方法的检出限为0.003 mg/L,加标回收率为96.4%¹06.8%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=3）为0.56%。该方法具有简便、快速、准确等优点,适用于铬污染场地的监测与调查。     

新型长链芳香酰胺聚合物的合成

3,5-二胺基苯甲酰胺与4,6-二烷氧基-1,3-苯二甲酰氯经缩合反应合成了两个新型的长链芳香酰胺聚合物,其结构经1H NMR,IR和GPC表征。     

Lipid profiling of human plasma from peritoneal dialysis patients using an improved 2D (NP/RP) LC-QToF MS method

An improved online two-dimensional liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D LC-QToF MS) system was developed for the lipid profiling of human plasma, in which different lipid classes were separated by the first dimensional normal-phase (NP) LC and different lipid molecular species were separated by the second dimensional reversed-phase (RP) LC. This 2D LC-QToF MS system was built based on a ten-port, two-position valve as the interface, the conditions of which had been optimized and discussed in detail. As two loops were used to trap and transfer the first dimensional elute to the second dimension separately, this new interface suppressed the sample band broadening in the first dimensional column, increased the recovery and repeatability of 2D LC interface, and offered the possibility for the realization of not-stop-flow NP/RP 2D LC system. Finally, 190 endogenous lipid species out of 10 lipid classes were determined within a single run from the plasma of peritoneal patients. This method was also applied to identify the difference in lipid profile between plasma from peritoneal dialysis patients with bad volume status and peritoneal dialysis patients with good volume status. The discovery of 30 potential biomarkers would be helpful to the malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis syndrome investigation.