An analysis of the flow of blood through thick-walled vessels,considering the effect of tethering

A theoretical analysis of the flow of blood through the blood vessel is presented. Both the radial and longitudinal tetherings are accounted for. By taking the orthotropicity of the wall tissues into consideration, blood is treated as a Newtonian, viscous and incompressible fluid. The applicability of the analysis is illustrated through the numerical computations of the derived analytical expressions by using experimentally determined values of the material parameters and the effect of tethering on the phase velocities of blood flow is thereby quantified.     

Working group report: Collider and B physics

The activities of the working group including some of the seminars are summarized. The written reports received are included.     

Determination of fragment isotopic yields in the fission of 252Cf accompanied by light charged particles

High resolution measurements of prompt γ-rays emitted from fission fragments accompanied by light charged particles (LCP) and those emitted from normal binary fission fragments in ²⁵²Cf fission were simultaneously carried out using a 30 cm³ Ge(Li) detector. A “sandwich” type of arrangement in the source-detector assembly was used to eliminate Doppler broadening of the γ-ray lines in both cases. About thirty γ-ray lines were assigned to specific fission fragments by comparison with the published results for binary fission, and the ratios of intensities of these γ-ray lines in LCP fission and binary fission were determined. Assuming that 2⁺ → 0⁺ transition intensities of doubly even isotopes are a measure of their yields, the yields of several such isotopes in LCP accompanied fission relative to that in binary fission were obtained.     

The effects of the human body on UWB signal propagation in an indoor environment

Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems are investigated for their ability to operate in dense multipath environments. While a great deal of time and effort has been spent characterizing both the indoor and outdoor UWB channels, the effects of human body interaction with a close proximity UWB antenna remains unexplored. Measurements of a commercially available UWB antenna performance in an anechoic chamber and in various indoor multipath environments were conducted. Comparisons of these measurement results indicate that while the human body creates a deep (23.6 dB) in a light multipath environment, this is drastically reduced (6.8 dB) in a dense multipath environment.     

Planning networked systems for total quality management

This paper deals with issues pertinent to the design of network technology platforms (NT) for supporting total quality management (TQM). We focus on two major issues in the design of such systems: the demand side and the supply side of networked systems for quality management.     

Effect of the ionic aggregation on the crystallisation behavior of poly(ethylene) part of ionomer

The influence of ionic interaction on the melt-crystallization behavior of the ethylene ionomer was studied using modulated DSC (MDSC^TM), wide angle X-ray scattering (XRD) and hot stage microscopy. The kinetics of the crystallization process of the ionomer was evaluated using isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (iso-DSC). Wide-angle X-ray scattering was used to examine the d spacing of poly(ethylene) part. The crystallinity of the poly(ethylene) part of ionomer measured from XRD is found to be 24%, which is comparable to that obtained from MDSC^TM. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results show that the clusters and multiplets exist in the ionomer, and the cluster is about 127Ĺ. The kinetics of crystallization process obtained using Avrami equation shows that the crystallization process is fundamentally similar to poly(ethylene) as it goes through nucleation and propagation stages of the crystals. However, the morphology of the crystal appears to be different and influenced by clusters (platelike and/or needle-shaped) as evident from Avrami constant. This is different from the poly(ethylene) (which is spherulitic in nature) due to polar cluster and hydrophobic PE melt interaction. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Iron(III) chloride-catalyzed convenient one-pot synthesis of β-acetamido carbonyl compounds

A one-pot multi-component reaction of aldehydes, enolizable ketones or 1,3-dicarbonyls, acetonitrile/benzonitrile, and acetyl chloride is described for the preparation of β-acetamido carbonyl compounds using FeCl₃·6H₂O as a mild, inexpensive, and highly efficient catalyst. The effect of substrate as well as substituent for multi-component reaction versus Knoevenagel condensation is also illustrated. The key features of this methodology are operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and good yields.     

Synthesis,electrochemistry and thermal studies of fluoro and imidazole complexes of copper(II)

Complexes of the (H2Im)4[CuF6], (H2Im)2[CuF4(H2O)2] type (H2Im=imidazolium cation) and Cu(HIm)4X2 (X=Cl or Br; HIm=imidazole) have been prepared in aqueous solution by the interaction of CuO·nH2O with the respective halide in the presence of imidazole. Formation of a particular complex species has been shown to be dependent on the reaction solution pH and also on the nature of the halide. The complexes were characterised on the basis of FT-i.r., u.v.–vis. and e.s.r. spectroscopy and by measurement of magnetic susceptibilities and solution electrical conductivities. Cyclic voltammetry revealed a two-peak quasi-reversible response for [Cu(HIm)4Br2], while other complexes produced overall irreversible voltammographs. Thermal decomposition profiles are consistent with the proposed formulations.     

Molecular parameters of sodium amylose xanthate in dilute solution

Molecular parameters of sodium amylose xanthate in 1N NaOH solution have been determined by means of light scattering and viscometry. The expansion factor, α, has been determined from the expression due to Orofino and Flory. The value of a of the Mark-Houwink relation, [η] = KM^a, has been determined. The Stockmayer-Fixman relationship has been used to evaluate the unperturbed dimension of the chain. The effective bond length b, Kuhn-Kuhn equivalent chain segment length A_m and the steric factor σ, i.e., the ratio of the unperturbed dimension to the dimension assuming free rotation of the chain \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$(\bar R_o^2 )_z ^{1/2} /(\bar R_f^2 )^{1/2}$\end{document} have also been determined. From these data, it is concluded that sodium amylose xanthate in 1N NaOH solution behaves as a loosely coiled molecule.     

Hybrid open-framework iron phosphate--oxalates demonstrating a dual role of the oxalate unit

New inorganic-organic hybrid open-framework materials of the phosphate-oxalate family, [Fe2(H2O)2-(HPO4)2(C2O4)].H2O (I), [Fe2(H2O)2-(HPO4)2(C2O4)].2H2O (II), [C3N2H12]-[Fe2(HPO4)2(C2O4)1.5]2 (III), and [C3N2OH12][Fe2(HPO4)2(C2O4)1.5]2 (IV) have been synthesized hydrothermally in the presence of structure-directing amines. The amine molecules are incorporated in III and IV, whereas I and II are devoid of them. The oxalate units act as a bridge between the layers in all the compounds. The layers in I and II are entirely inorganic, being formed by FeO6 and PO4 units, whereas in III and IV oxalate units constitute the inorganic layers and act as the bridge between these layers. Such a dual role of the oxalate unit is unique and noteworthy. The formation of two types of inorganic layers in I and II consisting of four-, six-, and eight-membered rings, indicates the interconversions between the various rings in the phosphate--oxalates to be facile. All the phosphate--oxalates show antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures.