活性炭酸处理对CuO／C催化剂上NO还原反应的影响

４种国产活性炭被用于ＮＯ还原反应，其中，山楂核炭和山桃核炭具有较高的ＮＯ还原转化率。实验发现，表面含氧基团－ＣＯＯ－对活性炭自身的还原性和对ＮＯ的还原活性有很重要的影响。对表面富－ＣＯＯ－基团的活性炭，稀盐酸处理使表面－ＣＯＯ－显著分解。     

后处理温度对ZrO2气凝胶超细粉织构和结构的影响

运用神效儿宝治疗小儿厌食症２１０例，总有效率为９５．２％，显效率为６２．４％。该药使用、携带方便、见效快，疗效短，无毒副作用。实验证明，该药能显著提高胃蛋白酶含量，减慢肠管推进性运动，提高动物耐疲劳、耐缺氧能力，提高巨噬细胞吞噬率及血清补Ｃ３含量，且无毒副。作用     

XPS investigations of ink‐jet printed paper

Different ink‐jet printed paper materials were investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) yielding the elemental composition of the near‐surface region of the papers. We found significant differences with respect to the detected elements and their atomic concentrations in the different inks studied here. Two different groups of inks could be identified by means of a lower ratio of the O and C atomic concentrations and lower concentrations in specific trace elements like Mg, Na and Si. High‐resolution spectra of C 1s and O 1s core levels allowed a detailed determination of the chemical state of the respective elements. On the basis of a detailed deconvolution of these XPS signals, significant differences between all the investigated ink‐jet printed papers were found, thereby allowing their discrimination. The applicability of the measurements and, more generally, the XPS technique for forensic investigations of paper are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

氯离子柱撑水滑石共沉淀法合成反应动力学

根据氯离子型层状复合氢氧化物(LDH-Cl)制备过程中溶液浓度变化的监测结果和不同反应进程时产物的EDS、IR、XRD、TEM、TG-DTA表征结果,研究了合成LDH-Cl的共沉淀反应动力学特征及机理.实验结果表明, LDH-Cl的生成符合多核层表面反应动力学模型;反应过程中LDH的晶胞参数c从2.421 nm变为2.399 nm,通道高度h由0.3321 nm减小为0.3228 nm,粒子直径Da由6.40 nm增大为15.16 nm, Dc由7.43 nm增大到10.93 nm,纵横比由0.86增大为1.39; IR和TG-DTA特征变化表明了层板对阴离子作用的强度和层板的结构稳定性随反应进程而提高.     

新显色剂对羧基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯的合成及与镉显色反应的研究

本文报道了新色剂对羟基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯的合成。     

利用火焰原子吸收中的增感效应测定十二醇聚氧乙烯醚的加成数

本文利用表面活性剂在原子吸收中的增感效应测定了一系列不同平均加成数的十二醇聚氧乙烯醚对镁的增感百分数,并使之与加成数相关,得到了一个线性较好的回归方程式。利用此式可以准确地测定此系列表面活性剂的加成数。     

Acid/Base-treated activated carbons: characterization of functional groups and metal adsorptive properties

Surface modification of activated carbons by various physicochemical methods directs an attractive approach for improvement of heavy metal uptake from aqueous solutions. Activated carbons were modified with HCl and HNO3 optionally followed by NaOH. The effects of surface modifications on the properties of the carbons were studied by the specific surface area, carbon pH, and total acidity capacity as well as by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The modifications bring about substantial variation in the chemical properties whereas the physical properties remain nearly unchanged. NaOH causes an increase in the content of hydroxyl groups, while the HCl treatment results in an increase in the amount of single-bonded oxygen functional groups such as phenols, ethers, and lactones. The HNO3 modification generates a large number of surface functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, and nitrate groups. The HNO3 modification significantly increases the copper adsorption, while the HCl treatment slightly reduces the copper uptake. Most of the copper ions are adsorbed rapidly in the first 2 h; the adsorption equilibrium is established in around 8 h. An intraparticle diffusion model successfully describes the kinetics of copper adsorption onto the carbons.     

纳米二氧化钛粒子分散性能的研究

以四氯化钛为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶法技术合成路线，获得了平均粒径为63nm的二氧化钛粉末。采用分散技术，不仅可以改善粒子的分散性能，而且对粒子的生长也起到一定的抑制作用。研究表明：(1)采用SDS作为分散剂时，其极性基团和非极性基团分别与水和纳米TiO2粒子相结合，从而阻隔了TiO2粒子的团聚，起到分散作用。(2)以稀土元素La作为分散剂，其独特的轨道结构，不仅扩大了能量吸收的范围，更重要的是它与TiO2形成的络合物，使其成为相对独立的小团体，而它本身很小的固溶度使其难于形成合金化组元，结果被释放出来，从而形成更小的纳米TiO2粒子，起到分散纳米TiO2粒子的作用，并同时抑制纳米TiO2粒子的生长。     

Covalent attachment of phospholipid analogous polymers to modify a polymeric membrane surface: a novel approach

A novel method for the surface modification of a microporous polypropylene membrane by tethering phospholipid analogous polymers (PAPs) is given, which includes the photoinduced graft polymerization of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and the ring-opening reaction of grafted poly-(DMAEMA) with 2-alkyloxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholanes. Five 2-alkyloxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholanes, containing octyloxy, dodecyloxy, tetradecyloxy, hexadecyloxy, and octadecyloxy groups in the molecular structure, were used to fabricate the PAP-modified polypropylene membranes. The attenuated total reflectance FT-IR spectra of the original, poly(DMAEMA)-grafted, and PAP-modified membranes confirmed the chemical changes on the membrane surface. Scanning electron microscope pictures showed that, compared with the original membrane, the surface porosities ofpoly(DMAEMA)-grafted and PAP-modified membranes were somewhat reduced. Water contact angles measured by the sessile drop method on PAP-modified membranes were slightly lower than that on the original polypropylene membrane, but higher than those on poly(DMAEMA)-grafted membranes with the exception of octyloxy-containing PAP-modified membranes. However, BSA adsorption experiments indicated that the five PAP-modified membranes had a much better protein-resistant property than the original polypropylene membrane and the poly(DMAEMA)-grafted membranes. For hexadecyloxy- and octadecyloxy-containing PAP-modified membranes, almost no protein adsorption was observed when the grafting degree was above 6 wt %. It was also found that the platelet adhesion was remarkably suppressed on the PAP-modified membranes. All these results demonstrate that the described approach is an effective way to improve the surface biocompatibility for polymeric membranes.