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81.
An empirical formula for the prediction of rain attenuation infrequency range 0.6 - 100 GHz 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Der-Phone Lin Hsing-Yi Chen 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2002,50(4):545-551
An empirical formula for calculating the extinction cross section (ECS) by raindrops over a broad frequency range is first derived based on extensive calculations made on a widely varying in mean radius of modified Pruppacher and Pitter (MPP) raindrop models ranging from 0.25 to 3.5 mm. The expansion coefficients in the empirical formula are determined by least-squares curve fitting of numerical data obtained by the volume integral equation formulation (VIEF). The formula satisfies the frequency and raindrop size dependence. Numerical results obtained from the empirical formula for calculating the ECS are generally in good agreement with those calculated by the VIEF for raindrops with mean radius varying from 0.25 to 3.5 mm in the frequency range from 0.6 to 100 GHz. The average error in the ECS is less than 10%. The formula thus provides a simple and inexpensive method for calculating the ECS of raindrops, which otherwise requires complicated and expensive methods of calculation. By implementing this empirical formula of ECS into the rain attenuation equation, a new numerically empirical formula for calculating the specific rain attenuation is also proposed. The validity of the empirical formula for calculating the specific rain attenuation is also checked by comparing the obtained results of specific rain attenuation with those obtained from Li et al.'s (1995) solution, Yeo et al.'s (1993) measurement, and Olsen et al.'s (1978) power-law equation 相似文献
82.
Zhangxin Chen 《Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations》2002,18(2):203-217
In this article we prove uniform convergence estimates for the recently developed Galerkin‐multigrid methods for nonconforming finite elements for second‐order problems with less than full elliptic regularity. These multigrid methods are defined in terms of the “Galerkin approach,” where quadratic forms over coarse grids are constructed using the quadratic form on the finest grid and iterated coarse‐to‐fine intergrid transfer operators. Previously, uniform estimates were obtained for problems with full elliptic regularity, whereas these estimates are derived with less than full elliptic regularity here. Applications to the nonconforming P1, rotated Q1, and Wilson finite elements are analyzed. The result applies to the mixed method based on finite elements that are equivalent to these nonconforming elements. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 203–217, 2002; DOI 10.1002/num.10004 相似文献
83.
Xinjian Yi Sihai Chen Yingrui Wang Bifeng Xiong Hongchen Wang 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2002,23(12):1699-1704
V02-based thin film materials on silicon substrates are fabricated by ion beam sputtering and a post-annealing which is different from the conventional fabricating method. An infrared linear microbolometer array with 128 pixels is prepared using as-deposited vanadium dioxide thin films. Optical and electrical properties for V02-based microbolometer array are tested. 相似文献
84.
Juin-Hung Chen Hen-Wai Tsao 《Lightwave Technology, Journal of》1998,16(7):1137-1148
This paper presents a design method of optical frequency modulation (FM) subcarrier (with super carrier) transmission modem. The nonideal link characteristics, including laser chirping, fiber dispersion, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) phase noise, relative intensity noise (RIN), and equivalent network model of laser diode of such a system that may bring about signal distortion are discussed first. We then propose a hierarchical methods to establish the system equivalent model. Finally this FM modem is applied to a GSM wireless system, in which multichannel signals are transmitted over fiber between radio port and basestation, and system performance is appraised by its dynamic range. It is found that optical FM subcarrier (with super carrier) transmission technique can improve the system dynamic range, compared with the intensity modulated direct detection (IMDD) method, and this is a economical and efficient method 相似文献
85.
A graph G is 3‐domination critical if its domination number γ is 3 and the addition of any edge decreases γ by 1. Let G be a 3‐connected 3‐domination critical graph of order n. In this paper, we show that there is a path of length at least n?2 between any two distinct vertices in G and the lower bound is sharp. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 39: 76–85, 2002 相似文献
86.
本文基于Volterra级数和非线性转移函数理论,提出了一种分析毫米波谐波振荡器的新方法一多模Volterra级数法,并给出了描述其非线性特性的决定方程,通过求解一组非线性代数方程,便可计算出谐波振荡器的振荡频和幅度。文中给出了分析实例并与谐波平衡法等进行了比较,结果表明:这种方法具有理论严密、准确性高,适用范围广等特点特别是利用一次决定方程的结果作为其它非线性数值分析方法的初始估值,可大大地节约 相似文献
87.
本文对氧化非晶硅磷掺杂的工艺条件进行了研究,得出掺磷氢化非晶硅的电导率随衬底温度、气体流量、气体压力、射频功率、淀积时间的变化关系,为非晶硅的有效掺杂和器件研究提供了依据。 相似文献
88.
电致伸缩陶瓷微位移器非线性的数值方法补偿 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
本文通过对电致伸缩陶瓷材料的非线性进行分析。找到了补偿电致伸缩陶瓷非线性的数值方法,并对不同回程大小的电滞回线进行了分段处理,使补偿结果更为精确。 相似文献
89.
90.
GaAs器件工艺中等离子刻蚀及计算机辅助监控技术研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
陈正明 《固体电子学研究与进展》1994,14(2):182-185
用N2气和NF3反应气体,在较低的刻蚀功率下实现了用薄正性光刻胶AZ1518作掩模,均匀、快速刻蚀SiO2,SiON,Si3N4,WN,W等材料的等离子刻蚀技术。利用到蚀过程中射频参数的变化和计算机技术,将射频参数的变化在计算机屏幕上实时显示,实现了计算机辅助监控和终点检测技术。 相似文献