全文获取类型
收费全文 | 92149篇 |
免费 | 11610篇 |
国内免费 | 8792篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 47059篇 |
晶体学 | 661篇 |
力学 | 4673篇 |
综合类 | 515篇 |
数学 | 8463篇 |
物理学 | 25655篇 |
无线电 | 25525篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 367篇 |
2023年 | 2114篇 |
2022年 | 2619篇 |
2021年 | 3306篇 |
2020年 | 3134篇 |
2019年 | 2952篇 |
2018年 | 2611篇 |
2017年 | 2435篇 |
2016年 | 3552篇 |
2015年 | 3837篇 |
2014年 | 4602篇 |
2013年 | 6027篇 |
2012年 | 7141篇 |
2011年 | 7286篇 |
2010年 | 5252篇 |
2009年 | 5287篇 |
2008年 | 5570篇 |
2007年 | 5099篇 |
2006年 | 4907篇 |
2005年 | 4283篇 |
2004年 | 3270篇 |
2003年 | 2675篇 |
2002年 | 2365篇 |
2001年 | 2090篇 |
2000年 | 2031篇 |
1999年 | 2183篇 |
1998年 | 1932篇 |
1997年 | 1660篇 |
1996年 | 1669篇 |
1995年 | 1500篇 |
1994年 | 1346篇 |
1993年 | 1187篇 |
1992年 | 1054篇 |
1991年 | 891篇 |
1990年 | 721篇 |
1989年 | 587篇 |
1988年 | 471篇 |
1987年 | 392篇 |
1986年 | 344篇 |
1985年 | 334篇 |
1984年 | 235篇 |
1983年 | 202篇 |
1982年 | 169篇 |
1981年 | 125篇 |
1980年 | 91篇 |
1979年 | 63篇 |
1978年 | 62篇 |
1976年 | 60篇 |
1975年 | 61篇 |
1973年 | 67篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
71.
Assaderaghi F. Chen J. Solomon R. Chian T.-Y. Ko P.K. Hu C. 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》1991,12(10):518-520
It has been found that the subthreshold currents of fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs show a transient behavior under certain front-gate and back-gate voltage conditions. The cause of this anomaly is explained, and applications for the phenomenon are pointed out. Particularly, a simple way to measure the silicon film thickness is suggested 相似文献
72.
InGaAs/GaAs(100) multiple-quantum-well-based inverted cavity asymmetric Fabry-Perot modulators are vertically integrated with GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction phototransistors to yield all-optical photonic switches. The photonic switches using `normally on' modulator pixels exhibit an output on-off ratio of 12:1 with internal optical gain of 4 dB. The photonic switches using `normally off' modulator pixels yield similar contrast and gain, but exhibit intrinsic bistable behavior. The inverted cavity modulators employed permit utilizing the transparency of the GaAs substrate at the operating wavelength and offer advantages for fabricating large arrays for optical signal processing 相似文献
73.
Ming-Jer Chen Kum-Chang Chao Tzuen-Hsi Huang Jyh-Min Tsaur 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》1992,13(12):654-657
The buried-type p-channel LDD MOSFETs biased at high positive gate voltage exhibit novel characteristics: (1) the ratio of the drain to gate currents is about 1×10-3 to 5×10-3; and (2) the gate and drain currents both are functions of only the gate voltage minus the n-well bias. Such characteristics are addressed based on the formation of the surface n + inversion layer due to the punchthrough of the buried channel to the underlying shallow p-n junction. The measured gate current is due to the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling of electrons from this inversion layer surface and the holes generated within the high-field oxide constitute the drain current. The n+ inversion layer surface potential is found to be equal to the n-well bias plus 0.55 V. As a result, both the oxide field and the gate and drain currents are independent of drain voltage 相似文献
74.
Sheng‐Huei Hsiao Chien‐Wei Chen Guey‐Sheng Liou 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(13):3302-3313
Two new diamines, 2,4‐diaminotriphenylamine ( 3 ) and N‐(2,4‐diaminophenyl)carbazole ( 4 ), were synthesized via the cesium fluoride‐mediated aromatic substitution reactions of 1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene with diphenylamine and carbazole, followed by palladium‐catalyzed hydrazine reduction. Amorphous and soluble aramids having pendent diphenylamino and carbazolyl groups were prepared by the phosphorylation polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids with diamines 3 and 4 , respectively. The aramids derived from diamine 3 had sufficiently high molecular weights to permit the casting of flexible and tough films. They exhibited excellent mechanical properties and moderately high softening temperatures in the 221–298 °C range. However, the reactions of diamine 4 with aromatic diacids gave relatively lower molecular weights products that could not afford flexible films. For a comparative purpose, the parent aramids derived from m‐phenylenediamine and aromatic diacids were also prepared and characterized. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3302–3313, 2004 相似文献
75.
A novel copolymer, poly(N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene‐1,2‐ethenylene‐2,6‐pyridylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) ( P3 ), containing N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene and 2,6‐pyridylene chromophores was synthesized to investigate the effect of protonation, metal complexation, and chemical oxidation on its absorption and photoluminescence (PL). Poly(N‐hexyl‐3,8‐iminodibenzyl‐1,2‐ethenylene‐1,3‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) and poly(N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene‐1,2‐ethenylene‐1,3‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) ( P2 ), consisting of 1,3‐divinylbenzene alternated with N‐hexyl‐3,8‐iminodibenzyl and N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene, respectively, were also prepared for comparison. Electrochemical investigations revealed that P3 exhibited lower band gaps (2.34 eV) due to alternating donor and acceptor conjugated units (push–pull structure). The absorption and PL spectral variations of P3 were easily manipulated by protonation, metal chelation, and chemical oxidation. P3 displayed significant bathochromic shifts when protonated with trifluoroacetic acid in chloroform. The complexation of P3 with Fe3+ led to a significant absorption change and fluorescence quenching, and this implied the coordination of ferric ions with the 2,6‐pyridylene groups in the backbone. Moreover, both phenothiazylene‐containing P2 and P3 showed conspicuous PL quenching with a slight redshift when oxidized with NOBF4. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1272–1284, 2004 相似文献
76.
Zhitian Liu Lei Wang Junwu Chen Feng Wang Xiaoying Ouyang Yong Cao 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(5):756-767
2,5‐Bis(2‐bromofluorene‐7‐yl)silole was prepared by a modified one‐pot synthesis with a reverse addition procedure, from which novel silole‐containing polyfluorenes with binary random and alternating structures (silole contents between 4.5 and 25% and high Mw up to 509 kDa were successfully synthesized. The well‐defined repeating unit of the alternating copolymer comprises a terfluorene and a silole ring. Optoelectronic properties including UV absorption, electrochemistry, photoluminescence (PL), and electroluminescence (EL) of the copolymers were examined. The different excitation energy transfers from fluorene to silole of the copolymers in solution and in the solid state were compared. The films of the copolymers showed silole‐dominant green emissions with high absolute PL quantum yields up to 83%. EL devices of the copolymers with a configuration of ITO/PEDOT/copolymer/Ba/Al displayed exclusive silole emissions peaked at around 543 nm and the highest EL efficiency was achieved with the alternating copolymer. Using the alternating copolymer and poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) as the blend‐type emissive layer, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.99% (four times to that of the neat film) was realized, which was a high efficiency so far reported for silole‐containing polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 756–767, 2007 相似文献
77.
78.
In this paper, we discuss the local and global existence ofweak solutions for some hyperbolicparabolic systems modellingchemotaxis. 相似文献
79.
Hwang H.-K. Lee L.-S. Chen S.-H. 《Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on》1989,7(9):1450-1461
Multi-H phase-coded modulation (MHPM) is a bandwidth-efficient modulation scheme which offers substantial coding gain over conventional digital modulation schemes. MHPM with asymmetric modulation indices corresponding to the bipolar data +1 and -1 is considered, and numerical results for the minimum Euclidean distances are provided. It is shown that performance improvements on the error probability over conventional MHPM are gained with essentially the same bandwidth and a very slight modification in implementation. The upper bounds on the error probabilities as functions of observation intervals and received E b/N 0 are also investigated in detail. It is concluded that the concept of asymmetric modulation indices for MHPM is attractive for bandwidth and power-efficient modulation 相似文献
80.