Size Control and Characterization of Sn-Ag-Cu Lead-Free Nanosolders by a Chemical Reduction Process

Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu nanosolders were synthesized via a chemical reduction method. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) were employed as surfactant and reducing agent, respectively. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) absorption and x-ray diffraction patterns revealed that alloying had successfully taken place during the reduction process. Different amounts of PVP and NaBH₄ additions influenced the nanosolder particle size. Under varying reaction temperatures and pH values, various ranges of nanosolder size were obtained. Optimized nanosolders were studied by differential scanning calorimetry to investigate the depression of the melting temperature, and were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy to measure actual particle sizes. The dependence of the particle size on the melting temperature was observed. The melting point was depressed to 204.4°C when the average diameter of the nanosolders was 20 nm. Although SnO₂ was formed on the nanosolders, it could be cleaned by citric acid. These low-melting-temperature Sn-Ag-Cu nanosolders are candidates for use in lead-free interconnect applications.     

热连轧交交变频全数字矢量控制系统故障处理与改造

本文着重叙述了我厂主传动交交变频系统控制装置的构造及其功能,另对一些常见故障进行介绍和分析,并列出一些成功改造试点,供大家参考。     

"甲虫与橡胶带"问题的延伸话题

讨论"甲虫与气球"、甲虫在可伸缩曲线上的运动以及星系间的航行等问题.     

Laplacian differential reconstruction of one in-line digital hologram

We introduced an easy approach to realize the Laplacian first-order and second-order differential of the object wave in transverse direction by use of one in-line digital hologram. It can be used for pinpoint the position of the objects.     

Combined prostate diffusion tensor imaging and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI at 3T — quantitative correlation with biopsy

The purpose of this work was to compare diagnostic accuracy of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) and their combination in diagnosing prostate cancer. Twenty-five patients with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer underwent MRI, prior to transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies. MRI data were correlated to biopsy results. Logistic regression models were constructed for the DTI parameters, DCE MRI parameters, and their combination. The areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUC) were compared between the models. The nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analysis. The sensitivity and specificity values were respectively 81% (74–87%) and 85% (79–90%) for DTI and 63% (55–70%) and 90% (85–94%) for DCE. The combination “DTI or DCE MRI” had 100% (97–100%) sensitivity and 77% (69–83%) specificity, while “DTI and DCE MRI” had 44% (37–52%) sensitivity and 98% (94–100%) specificity. The AUC for DTI+DCE parameters was significantly higher than that for either DTI (0.96 vs. 0.92, P=.0143) or DCE MRI parameters (0.96 vs. 0.87, P=.00187) alone. In conclusion, the combination of DTI and DCE MRI has significantly better accuracy in prostate cancer diagnosis than either technique alone.     

Short syntheses of (−)-clavaminol A and deacetyl (+)-clavaminol H

Concise stereoselective syntheses of (?)-clavaminol A and deacetyl (+)-clavaminol H have been achieved from simple starting materials. Highlights of the synthesis for (?)-clavaminol A include a highly diastereoselective chelation-controlled hydride reduction of an amino ketone to give the anti amino alcohol directly, and NaBH₄-mediated dehalogenation. The main synthetic approach for deacetyl (+)-clavaminol H features a highly diastereoselective chelation-controlled hydride reduction of the amino ketone to construct the anti amino alcohol and a palladium catalyzed hydrogenation reaction at the final step.     

Discontinuous crack-bridging model for fracture toughness analysis of nacre

Studying the structure–property relation of biological materials can not only provide insight into the physical mechanisms underlying their superior properties and functions but also benefit the design and fabrication of advanced biomimetic materials. In this paper, we present a microstructure-based fracture mechanics model to investigate the toughening effect due to the crack-bridging mechanism of platelets. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates the crucial contribution of this mechanism to the high toughness of nacre. It is found that the fracture toughness of nacre exhibits distinct dependence on the sizes of platelets, and the optimized ranges for the thickness and length of platelets required to achieve higher fracture toughness are given. In addition, the effects of such factors as the mechanical properties of the organic phase (or interfaces), the effective elastic modulus of nacre, and the stacking pattern of platelets are also examined. Finally, some guidelines for the biomimetic design of novel materials are proposed based on our theoretical analysis.     

Some new features of the Boubaker polynomials expansion scheme BPES

Some new properties of the Boubaker polynomials expansion scheme are presented in this paper. It is shown in particular that the Boubaker polynomials expansion scheme fits standard Cauchy boundary conditions.