A hybrid-stress element based on Hamilton principle

A novel hybrid-stress finite element method is proposed for constructing simple 4-node quadrilateral plane elements, and the new element is denoted as HH4-3fl here. Firstly, the theoretical basis of the traditional hybrid-stress elements, i.e., the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle, is replaced by the Hamilton variational principle, in which the number of the stress variables is reduced from 3 to 2. Secondly, three stress parameters and corresponding trial functions are introduced into the system equations. Thirdly, the displacement fields of the conventional bilinear isoparametric element are employed in the new models. Finally, from the stationary condition, the stress parameters can be expressed in terms of the displacement parameters, and thus the new element stiffness matrices can be obtained. Since the required number of stress variables in the Hamilton variational principle is less than that in the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle, and no additional incompatible displacement modes are considered, the new hybrid-stress element is simpler than the traditional ones. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of the stress solutions, two enhanced post-processing schemes are also proposed for element HH4-3β. Numerical examples show that the proposed model exhibits great improvements in both displacement and stress solutions, implying that the proposed technique is an effective way for developing simple finite element models with high performance.     

龙岩煤不同宏观煤岩组分的热破碎性质研究

用筛分和浮选法对龙岩煤进行分选, 得到不同粒径、不同宏观煤岩的龙岩煤颗粒。在热天平上进行热解破碎研究,并在自制的小型流化床上进行燃烧破碎试验。结果表明,亮煤与灰煤均发生一次破碎, 破碎后生成许多细小颗粒, 其中粒径0.8mm以下的细颗粒占多数;暗煤则不发生一次破碎。随着升温速率和颗粒粒径的增大, 一次破碎变得较为剧烈;颗粒性质、颗粒粒径、炉床温度和燃烧时间等因素对龙岩煤在流化床燃烧中的破碎均有重要影响。亮煤与灰煤因结构致密, 颗粒中大孔隙少, 显微硬度大, 灰分少等原因使得它们在燃烧中发生严重破碎;而暗煤颗粒则因相反的原因不发生破碎或仅发生轻微破碎。粒径越大, 炉床温度越高, 燃烧时间越长, 破碎越剧烈;亮煤与灰煤在燃烧中均发生了二次破碎, 其中亮煤的二次破碎更剧烈;燃烧后期, 亮煤的颗粒破碎比灰煤更快;由于破碎, 入炉煤颗粒平均粒径在燃烧早期迅速减小, 而后随着燃烧的进行而逐步趋于一个稳定值;亮煤在流化床燃烧中服从等密度燃烧模式, 暗煤服从等直径燃烧模式, 而灰煤则服从混合燃烧模式。     

Synthesis of a Triazaisotruxene-Based Porous Organic Polymer and Its Application in Iodine Capture

A new triazaisotruxene-based porous organic polymer (POP) was designed and successfully synthesized by a FeCl₃-promoted crosslinking reaction. As a result of its porosity and good thermal stability, the designed POP can be utilized as a promising adsorbent for iodine, not only in the gaseous phase, but also in organic and aqueous solutions. Compared to its triazatruxene (TN) analogue, the ITN-based POP shows equal iodine uptake in the gaseous phase and in hexane solution, and better uptake in aqueous solution.     

Tellurium-Modified Nucleosides,Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids with Potential Applications

Tellurium was successfully incorporated into proteins and applied to protein structure determination through X-ray crystallography. However, studies on tellurium modification of DNA and RNA are limited. This review highlights the recent development of Te-modified nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids, and summarizes the main synthetic approaches for the preparation of 5-PhTe, 2′-MeTe, and 2′-PhTe modifications. Those modifications are compatible with solid-phase synthesis and stable during Te-oligonucleotide purification. Moreover, the ideal electronic and atomic properties of tellurium for generating clear isomorphous signals give Te-modified DNA and RNA great potential applications in 3D crystal structure determination through X-ray diffraction. STM study also shows that Te-modified DNA has strong topographic and current peaks, which immediately suggests potential applications in nucleic acid direct imaging, nanomaterials, molecular electronics, and diagnostics. Theoretical studies indicate the potential application of Te-modified nucleosides in cancer therapy.     

基于峰值变换的信号稀疏表示及重建

压缩感知(CS)近年来的出现引起了学术界的极大关注,其要求信号本身是稀疏的或者在某种正交基下可以稀疏的表示。该文针对信号本身及小波变换下均不稀疏的情况(如线调频信号),结合峰值变换(PT),提出了PTCS的信号压缩感知算法,对于PT变换产生的峰值变换点序列采用可逆数字水印中的数值扩展方法,将峰值变换点序列嵌入测量信号中,避免了由于引入PT变换而额外增加测量点。通过PT变换,可以将不稀疏的小波系数变为稀疏系数,从而大大提升信号重构效果。仿真结果表明,该文提出的PTCS算法恢复信号与已有的基于正交匹配追踪算法的CS算法相比较,恢复信号质量有着较大的提高。     

基于CMMB的外辐射源雷达信号模糊函数分析与处理

根据中国移动多媒体广播(CMMB)信号结构,该文分析了该信号作为雷达辐射源的模糊函数特性,研究了副峰产生的机理,并与欧洲数字视频地面广播(DVB-T)信号特性做了比对;针对因循环前缀引起的模糊函数副峰和同步信号引起的多普勒模糊带对目标探测产生的不利影响,提出了副峰抑制的方法。仿真和实测结果验证了文中副峰产生机理分析的正确性,同时所采用的方法能有效抑制模糊副峰,为目标探测奠定了基础。     

激光散斑脉搏信号提取及调制起源研究

主要利用激光散斑的产生原理及特性,通过CMOS高速工业相机和Matlab图像处理技术对人体皮肤的动态激光散斑进行捕捉和跟踪并利用相关函数计算微振动位移来达到提取脉搏信号的目的,并通过不同照射条件和不同波长光源的对比实验结果来验证相关文献提出的一种新的PPG模型,对脉搏信号和PPG信号被调制的起源进行了研究和解释。     

meso-四(对甲氧基苯基)卟啉钴在货币金属单晶表面的吸附与自组装研究

利用超高真空低温扫描隧道显微镜系统研究了meso-四对甲氧基苯基卟啉钴分子在Au(111)、Ag(111)和Cu(111)表面的吸附与自组装.该分子在金属表面可以形成两种组装结构A和B.在结构A中,分子间的相互作用主要为π-π堆叠,仅在Au(111)和Ag(111)表面被实验观察到;在结构B中,分子间的相互作用为氢键,仅在Ag(111)和Cu(111)表面被实验观察到.分子-衬底相互作用的差异所引起的分子吸附构象变化被认为是导致不同衬底上的分子形成不同组装结构的原因.研究发现在不同衬底上,分子形成自组装结构的行为存在明显差异.在相近覆盖度下,未参与组装的分子的比例在Cu(111)表面最高, Au(111)次之, Ag(111)最低.表面上参与形成两种组装结构的分子与未参与组装的分子的比例还可通过覆盖度和退火来进行调控.     

确定复合材料宏观屈服准则的细观力学方法

运用细观力学中的均匀化方法,分析了含周期性微结构复合材料的宏观屈服准则,并对Hill-Tsai准则进行了修正.从基于复合材料细观结构的代表性胞元入手,运用塑性极限理论中的机动分析以及有限元方法,计算了细观结构的极限载荷域.通过宏细观尺度对应关系,得到复合材料的宏观屈服准则.     

制冷系统模拟仿真技术的应用与发展

文中对仿真技术在制冷系统领域的发展现状进行了综述,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。