Characterization of Roasting Time on Sensory Quality,Color, Taste,and Nonvolatile Compounds of Yuan An Yellow Tea

Roasting is crucial for producing Yuan An yellow tea (YAYT) as it substantially affects sensory quality. However, the effect of roasting time on YAYT flavor quality is not clear. To investigate the effect of roasting time on the sensory qualities, chemical components, odor profiles, and metabolic profile of YAYTs produced with 13 min roasting, 16 min roasting, 19 min roasting, 22 min roasting, and 25 min roasting were determined. The YAYTs roasted for 22 min got higher sensory scores and better chemical qualities, such as the content of gallocatechin (GC), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), free amino acids, solutable sugar, meanwhile the lightness decreased, the hue of tea brew color (b) increased, which meant the tea brew got darker and yellower. YAYTs roasted for 22 min also increased the contents of key odorants, such as benzaldehyde, nonanal, β-cyclocitral, linalool, nerol, α-cedrol, β-ionone, limonene, 2-methylfuran, indole, and longiborneol. Moreover, non-targeted metabolomics identified up to 14 differentially expressed metabolites through pair-wise comparisons, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, sucrose, and critical metabolites, which were the main components corresponding to YAYT roasted for 22 min. In summary, the current results provide scientific guidance for the production of high quality YAYT.     

Phosphorylation of ERK-Dependent NF-κB Triggers NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediated by Vimentin in EV71-Infected Glioblastoma Cells

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a dominant pathogenic agent that may cause severe central nervous system (CNS) diseases among infants and young children in the Asia-pacific. The inflammasome is closely implicated in EV71-induced CNS injuries through a series of signaling pathways. However, the activation pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome involved in EV71-mediated CNS injuries remains poorly defined. In the studies, EV71 infection, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and activation of NLRP3 are abolished in glioblastoma cells with low vimentin expression by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown. PD098059, an inhibitor of p-ERK, remarkably blocks the vimentin-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in EV71-infected cells. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 is dependent on p-ERK in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, NLRP3 activation and caspase-1 production are limited in EV71-infected cells upon the caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) administration, an inhibitor of NF-κB, which contributes to the inflammasome regulation. In conclusion, these results suggest that EV71-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome could be activated via the VIM-ERK-NF-κB pathway, and the treatment of the dephosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB inhibitors is beneficial to host defense in EV71-infected CNS.     

Network Traffic Clustering with QoS-Awareness

Network traffic classification is essential in supporting network measurement and management.Many existing traffic classification approaches provide application-level results regardless of the network quality of service(QoS) requirements. In practice,traffic flows from the same application may have irregular network behaviors that should be identified to various QoS classes for best network resource management. To address the issues, we propose to conduct traffic classification with two newly de...     

Collaborative Multiple Access And Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in Distributed Maritime Wireless Networks

With the rapid increasing of maritime activities, maritime wireless networks(MWNs) with high reliability, high energy efficiency, and low delay are required. However, the centralized networking with fixed resource scheduling is not suitable for MWNs due to the special environment. In this paper,we introduce the collaborative relay communication in distributed MWNs to improve the link reliability, and propose an orthogonal time-frequency resource block reservation based multiple access(RRMA) sche...     

Mechanism Study on Nanoparticle Negative Surface Charge Modification by Ascorbyl Palmitate and Its Improvement of Tumor Targeting Ability

Surface charge polarity and density influence the immune clearance and cellular uptake of intravenously administered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), thus determining the efficiency of their delivery to the target. Here, we modified the surface charge with ascorbyl palmitate (AsP) used as a negatively charged lipid. AsP-PC-LNPs were prepared by dispersion and ultrasonication of AsP and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composite films at various ratios. AsP inserted into the PC film with its polar head outward. The pK_a for AsP was 4.34, and its ion form conferred the LNPs with negative surface charge. Zeta potentials were correlated with the amount and distribution of AsP on the LNPs surface. DSC, Raman and FTIR spectra, and molecular dynamics simulations disclosed that AsP distributed homogeneously in PC at 1–8% (w/w), and there were strong hydrogen bonds between the polar heads of AsP and PC (PO²⁻), which favored LNPs’ stability. But at AsP:PC > 8% (w/w), the excessive AsP changed the interaction modes between AsP and PC. The AsP–PC composite films became inhomogeneous, and their phase transition behaviors and Raman and FTIR spectra were altered. Our results clarified the mechanism of surface charge modification by AsP and provided a rational use of AsP as a charged lipid to modify LNP surface properties in targeted drug delivery systems. Furthermore, AsP–PC composites were used as phospholipid-based biological membranes to prepare paclitaxel-loaded LNPs, which had stable surface negative charge, better tumor targeting and tumor inhibitory effects.     

自适应预置零技术的研究

自适应技术能够动态地适应变化的环境和变化的系统要求,这个特点使其被广泛地用于地震、通讯、声纳、导航、自控、生物医学和雷达等领域。本文通过分析自适应直线阵的工作特点,提出了一种新的技术,用于克服在低角目标跟踪过程中的多路径效应,这种技术具有简单易行,实时性好等特点。     

电信资源管理系统的定位与开发

文章针对目前中国通信运营商的现状,对电信资源管理系统的定位与建设过程进行了分析,对该系统与其他网管系统的边界划分及接口规范进行了探讨,提出了电信资源管理系统的建设应循序渐进、分阶段发展的建议。     

工艺参数对马氏体不锈钢激光冲击区表面轮廓的影响

激光功率密度和搭接率对马氏体不锈钢的激光冲击区的表面轮廓有较大影响.激光功率密度从3.79 GW/cm2到7.25 GW/cm2,冲击区塑性变形程度随功率密度增大而增大,当激光功率密度为6.09 GW/cm2时,冲击区塑性变形程度适中,其残余应力平均值达-569.1 MPa.搭接率试验结果表明,搭接率为33%时,可获得较大面积无挤出的激光冲击区,无挤出区域的塑性均匀,变形深度波动幅度在2μm以内,而且此搭接率下冲击区挤出面积较小,分布具有规律,便于再次冲击以降低冲击区的表面波纹度.     

激光冲击成形钛合金板料W形曲面的质量改进研究

实验以TA2钛合金板料作为试样,研究了激光冲击成形W形曲面的变形特点,分析了曲面底部产生微小鼓包的原因.为了改进成形面质量,提出了在板料与模具之间放置弹性垫,并对使用弹性垫的激光冲击成形W形曲面进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明,激光冲击与模具结合可以实现板料的W形曲面成形,W形面底部基本平整,但有微小鼓包;使用弹性垫可以抑制小鼓包的产生,能显著改善W形曲面的成形质量,使受冲击区域更加光滑.     

双光束Raman组束研究

着重研究了双光束拉曼组束改善准分子激光光束质量。通过理论计算得出，在畸变泵浦光作用下可以获得近衍射极限Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ光的放大。并在稳态和瞬态激光脉冲的条件下，讨论了Ｒａｍａｎ工作介质的选择。在此基础上进行了氯化氙准分子激光在氢气中的双光束Ｒａｍａｎ组束实验研究，近衍射极限Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ光在获得功率放大的同时，其远场分布保持不变。激光聚焦亮度提高约３０００倍。最后讨论了放大自发辐射的抑制。