Use of elemental size distributions in identifying particle formation modes

The chemical composition of particles generated during pulverized coal combustion is the consequence of their formation processes. This work aims to use the size resolved elemental composition of coal-derived particles to identify their formation modes. A size-classified bituminous coal is burnt in a laboratory drop tube furnace at 1150, 1250, and 1350 °C, respectively. The elemental composition of the size-segregated particles from coal combustion is analyzed and the total mass fraction size distributions of Si and Al are obtained. Three particle formation modes are observed in these distribution profiles. The coarse mode has the highest value of the total mass fraction of Si and Al while the ultrafine mode has the lowest one. The total mass fraction of Si and Al in these two modes is nearly independent of particle size. It is believed that the coarse mode is formed by the mineral coalescence mechanism and the ultrafine mode by the vaporization–condensation mechanism. The difference in the total mass fraction of Si and Al between the central mode and the other two indicates that the central mode is formed by different mechanisms. Based on the observation that the total mass fraction of Si and Al in this mode increases with increasing particle size, heterogeneous condensation of vaporized species on existing fine residual ash particles is proposed to account for the formation of these particles. The study of the elemental composition of the three modes represented in five categories verifies the proposed formation mechanisms for them to some extent.     

Construction of the elliptic Gaudin system based on Lie algebra

Gaudin model is a very important integrable model in both quantum field theory and condensed matter physics. The integrability of Gaudin models is related to classical r-matrices of simple Lie algebras and semi-simple Lie algebra. Since most of the constructions of Gaudin models works concerned mainly on rational and trigonometric Gaudin algebras or just in a particular Lie algebra as an alternative to the matrix entry calculations often presented, in this paper we give our calculations in terms of a basis of the typical Lie algebra, A _n , B _n , C _n , D _n , and we calculate a classical r-matrix for the elliptic Gaudin system with spin.      

Scheme for entanglement concentration of unknown W class states via linear optics

This paper proposes a scheme for entanglement concentration of unknown triparticle W class states with a certain probability. This protocol is mainly based on the coincidences of single-photon detectors and requires single-photon detectors and linear optical elements. The scheme is feasible within current technology.     

The fluorescence of polyamidoamine dendrimers peripherally modified with 1,8-naphthalimide groups: Effect of the rare earth ions and protons

We report the absorption spectra, fluorescent spectra and photophysical properties of G 2.0 polyamidoamine dendrimers with peripheral 1,8-naphthalimide groups with the hydrogen ions, the rare earth ions (Er³⁺, Tb³⁺, Nb³⁺, Eu³⁺, Yb³⁺ and Gd³⁺) and the mixture of the rare earth metal and hydrogen ions. The presence of the rare earth ions and hydrogen ions was found to enhance the fluorescence owing to the coordination between the rare earth metal or hydrogen ions and internal amido groups of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) from dendrimer. The result from the 3D isogram of the fluorescence spectra for the dendrimers with peripheral 1,8-naphthalimide groups show that it was obtained for the different emission fluorescence intensity and scope by varying the excitation wavelength and the different rare earth ions as well as its concentration. The results obtained reveal that the capacities of these systems might have acted as a sensitive label agent of the rare earth cations and protons.     

Efficient polymer white-light-emitting diodes with a single-emission layer of fluorescent polymer blend

Efficient polymer white-light-emitting diodes (WPLEDs) have been fabricated with a single layer of fluorescent polymer blend. The device structure consists of ITO/PEDOT/PVK/emissive layer/Ba/Al. The emissive layer is a blend of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO), phenyl-substituted PPV derivative (P-PPV) and a copolymer of 9,9-dioctylfluorene and 4,7-di(4-hexylthien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (PFO-DHTBT), which, respectively, emits blue, green and red light. The emission of pure and efficient white light was implemented by tuning the blend weight ratio of PFO: P-PPV: PFO-DHTBT to 96:4:0.4. The maximum current efficiency and luminance are, respectively, 7.6 cd/A at 6.7 V and 11930 cd/m² at 11.2 V. The CIE coordinates of white-light emission were stable with the drive voltages.     

Improvement of a low pH antigen-antibody dissociation procedure for ELISA measurement of circulating anti-Aβ antibodies

Background  

Prior work from our group found that acid dissociation (pH 2.5 incubation) of serum from APP transgenic mice vaccinated against Aβ increased the apparent anti-Aβ titers, suggesting antibody masking by antigen in the ELISA assay. Subsequently, we found that pH 2.5 incubation of serum from unvaccinated non-transgenic mice showed antibody binding to Aβ1–42, but no increase when other proteins, including shorter Aβ peptides, coated the ELISA plate. To investigate further the effects of low pH incubation on apparent anti-Aβ1–42 signals, we examined normal sera from nonTg unvaccinated mice, nonTg mice vaccinated with Aβ peptide (to produce authentic anti-Aβ antibodies) or a monoclonal antibody against Aβ (6E10) using competitive-inhibition ELISA and Aβ epitope mapping assays. In addition, we examined use of a less stringent low pH procedure at pH 3.5, to ascertain if it had the same effects as the pH 2.5 procedure.     

一种采用斩波稳零技术的16位,96kHz带宽Σ-Δ AD转换器

介绍了一个16位精度Σ-Δ型模拟数字转换器.它由一个模拟的调制器和一个数字降采样滤波器组成.调制器采用了传统的单环两阶的结构,在第一阶调制器中采用了斩波稳零技术来消除电路的闪烁噪声.数字的降采样器包括多相梳状滤波器和波数字滤波器,功耗低,面积小.实验结果表明转换器获得了92dB的动态范围和96kHz的带宽.整个芯片由0.18μm六层金属CMOS工艺制造,芯片面积为2.68mm2,功率消耗仅为15.5mW.     

干法刻蚀对InAsP/InGaAsP应变多量子阱发光特性的影响

采用气态源分子束外延(GSMBE)生长了具有不同阱宽的InAsP/InGaAsP应变多量子阱,并对干法刻蚀前、干法刻蚀及湿法腐蚀不同厚度覆盖层后的多量子阱光致发光(PL)谱进行了表征.测量发现干法刻蚀量子阱覆盖层一定厚度后量子阱光致发光强度得到了明显的增强.这与干法刻蚀后量子阱覆盖层表面粗糙度变化及量子阱内部微结构变化有关.     

Aggregation‐induced Emission (AIE)‐active Starburst Triarylamine Fluorophores as Potential Non‐doped Red Emitters for Organic Light‐emitting Diodes and Cl2 Gas Chemodosimeter

A new series of starburst triarylamine fluorophores SBCHO, DBCHO, CZCHO, CZCN, and SBCN, that incorporate diphenylamine or carbazole as the electron donor and dicyanovinyl or aldehyde as the electron acceptor, has been prepared and their photophysical properties are investigated. In sharp contrast to most red‐emitting dopants, which show serious aggregation‐caused quench phenomena, the new starburst triphenylamine derivatives reported here show unique enhanced emission in the solid state or upon aggregation. Organic light emitting diodes using these compounds as non‐doped host emitters and hole transporters have been fabricated. The highest external quantum yield reaches 2.09 % for CZCHO. SBCHO was investigated as a chlorine gas fluorescence (FL) solid‐film sensor for the first time. The high‐intensity emission was ‘turned off' immediately after being blown by Cl₂ gas.     

Efficient modeling of RF CMOS spiral inductors using generalized knowledge-based neural network

Efficient modeling of RF CMOS spiral inductors by virtue of a novel generalized knowledge-based neural network (GKBNN) is presented. Prior knowledge of on-chip inductors is used for constructing the GKBNN. This new modeling approach also exploits merits of the iterative multi stage algorithm. This GKBNN has much enhanced learning and generalization capabilities. Comparing with the conventional neural network or the knowledge-based neural network, this new GKBNN model can map the input–output relationships with fewer hidden neurons and has higher reliability for generalization. As a consequence, this GKBNN model can run as fast as an approximate equivalent circuit model yet generate results as accurate as detailed electromagnetic simulations. Experiments are included to demonstrate merits and efficiency of this new approach.