基于复合控制的压电驱动器设计方法

针对压电叠堆迟滞带来的非线性效应严重制约系统控制精度提升的问题,该文提出了一种基于复合控制的压电驱动器控制方法,对系统非线性误差进行建模补偿,并基于数控芯片实现了嵌入式驱动设计。采用广义PI模型对被控压电促动器进行建模,利用指数函数作为密度函数,并基于粒子群算法对包络函数和密度函数进行参数寻优,最终得到压电促动器的前馈补偿逆模型,结合比例积分控制率实现系统的复合控制。同时采用数字信号处理结合现场可编程门阵列(DSP+FPGA)的数控架构,既保证了逆模型求解过程在DSP中实现的便捷性,又保证了采样及闭环控制在FPGA中实现的实时性及快速性。实验结果证明了所提设计方法的正确性及有效性。     

聚焦部分相干平顶涡旋光束对瑞利粒子的捕获

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅尔原理和瑞利散射理论,推导了聚焦部分相干平顶涡旋(partially coherent flat-topped vortex, PCFTV)光束作用在瑞利微粒上辐射力的表达式,主要研究聚焦PCFTV光束对不同折射率的两种粒子的捕获情况。研究结果表明,聚焦PCFTV光束可以在焦点处捕获高折射率和低折射率的粒子。随着光束阶数的增大以及相关长度的减小,光束对微粒的捕获能力增强。所得结果对PCFTV光束应用于光学操控具有一定的意义。     

Semantic segmentation of urban street scene images based on improved U-Net network

To balance the speed and accuracy in semantic segmentation of the urban street images for autonomous driving, we proposed an improved U-Net network. Firstly, to improve the model representation capability, our improved U-Net network structure was designed as three parts, shallow layer, intermediate layer and deep layer. Different attention mechanisms were used according to their feature extraction characteristics. Specifically, a spatial attention module was used in the shallow network, a dual attention module was used in the intermediate layer network and a channel attention module was used in the deep network. At the same time, the traditional convolution was replaced by depthwise separable convolution in above three parts, which can largely reduce the number of network parameters, and improve the network operation speed greatly. The experimental results on three datasets show that our improved U-Net semantic segmentation model for street images can get better results in both segmentation accuracy and speed. The average mean intersection over union (MIoU) is 68.8%, which is increased by 9.2% and the computation speed is about 38 ms/frame. We can process 27 frames images for segmentation per second, which meets the real-time process and accuracy requirements for semantic segmentation of urban street images.     

Creating Atomic Ordering in Electrocatalysis

Catalysis always proceeds in a chaotic fashion. Therefore, identifying the working principles of heterogeneous catalysts is a challenging task. Creating atomic order in heterogeneous catalysts simplifies this task and also offers new opportunities for rationally designing active sites to manipulate catalytic performance. The recent rapid advances in heterogeneous electrocatalysis have led to exciting progress in the construction of atomically ordered materials. Here, the latest progress in electrocatalysts with the periodic atomic arrangement, including intermetallic compounds with long-range order and metal atom-array catalysts with short-range order is summarized. The synthesis principles and the intriguing physical and chemical properties of these electrocatalysts are discussed. Furthermore, the compelling prospects of atomically ordered catalysts in the frontier of catalyst research are outlined.     

两方有理数多重集的保密计算

集合的安全多方计算(SMC)在联合数据分析、敏感数据安全查询、数据可信交换等场景有着广泛的应用。该文基于有理数的几何编码,结合保密内积协议,首次提出了有理数域上两方多重集交集和并集的保密计算协议。应用模拟范例证明了协议在半诚实模型下的安全性,分别通过理论分析和仿真测试验证了协议的高效性。与现有协议相比,所设计协议无需给定包含所有集合元素的全集,可以保护集合势的隐私性,且在协议执行过程主要使用乘法运算,达到了信息论安全。     

基于VOF法毫秒激光制孔过程数值研究及工艺优化北大核心CSCD

针对毫秒激光制孔过程的热流耦合及孔的形成规律,基于VOF法构建了三维激光打孔数值模型。模型中考虑了材料去除过程中涉及到的重力、反冲击力以及固-液-气三相的相变过程,得到了不同脉冲个数下的温度场、相场以及孔形轮廓的变化。孔深与孔径的模拟结果与实验吻合较好。结果表明:相场中的气-固-液界面随着脉冲个数的增加逐渐下移;反冲压力的存在增加了上孔径和孔深;飞溅物随着脉冲个数的增加而增加;孔口往下约0.5 mm处呈碗型。     

新型星载超宽带微波光子变频技术

传统的星载变频通道存在易受电磁干扰、动态范围受限、带宽瓶颈等不足,将微波光子技术引入卫星通信系统中,可克服电域信号变频的局限性,提升星载变频通道的性能。文章提出了一种基于并联马赫-增德尔调制器(MZM)与相干接收的宽带微波光子变频技术,通过采用相干接收方法,能够实现较好的共模噪声抑制,并降低谐波失真的影响,同时结合抑制载波调制方式所带来的优势,有效改善了变频无杂散动态范围等指标。通过实验验证,其杂散抑制比优于60 dB,无杂散动态范围优于100 dB·Hz2/3,为新型星载微波光子变频方案设计、实际应用提供了必要的理论依据与技术支撑。     

Phase-sensitive manipulation of squeezed state by a degenerate optical parametric amplifier inside coupled optical resonators

rency-like (EIT-like) effect and the optical parameter conversion process at the same time in one optical device. These properties can favor higher manipulation precision and control efficiency, which is more suitable for the integration of quantum-on-chip systems, laying a foundation for the practical application of quantum information.