Effects of gas adsorption and collisions on electrical transport in single-walled carbon nanotubes

Degassing of bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes in vacuum at 500 K is found to drive the thermoelectricpower (TEP) strongly negative, indicating that the degassed metallic tubes in a bundle are n type. The magnitude of the negative TEP indicates that important asymmetry in the electronic carbon pi bands exists near the Fermi energy. Easily measurable increases in the TEP ( approximately 5-10 &mgr;V/K) and resistivity ( 2%-10%) are observed at 500 K upon exposure to N2 and He, suggesting that even gas collisions with the nanotube wall can contribute significantly to the transport properties.     

Synchrotron x-ray study of the smectic layer directional instability

We have investigated the phenomenon of field-induced smectic layer instability, as monitored by synchrotron x-ray scattering. This instability means that, upon application of time-asymmetric electric fields to chiral smectics, the layer direction seems to "rotate" locally around an axis given by the direction of the applied field. For moderate values of field amplitude and asymmetry, domains with a favored layer inclination grow at the expense of unfavored ones, while larger fields and asymmetries generally lead to a chaotic flow behavior. At moderate amplitudes, we have followed the process of the horizontal layer folding (or horizontal chevron domain formation) and the smectic C* layer reorientation of ferroelectric liquid crystals by applying symmetric and asymmetric wave forms, respectively, and performing time resolved x-ray measurements. The studies unambiguously show the formation of a horizontal (in-plane, i.e., in a plane parallel to the cell substrates) chevron domain structure from a nonoriented sample by application of a symmetric electric field of sufficient amplitude. It is then demonstrated that a transition from the horizontal chevron domain structure to an in-plane uniform smectic layer direction takes place on application of asymmetric electric wave forms. Reversal of the field asymmetry reverses the inclination direction and selects the other layer normal direction as the uniform end state. The in-plane smectic layer reorientation process is followed here as it evolves, and analyzed directly by means of x-ray scattering.     

Spectral measurement of absorption by spectroscopic frequency-domain optical coherence tomography

A new method of measurement that essentially combines Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography with spectroscopy is introduced. By use of a windowed Fourier transform it is possible to obtain, in addition to the object structure, spectroscopic information such as the absorption properties of materials. The feasibility of this new method for performing depth-resolved spectroscopy is demonstrated with a glass filter plate. The results are compared with theoretically calculated spectra by use of the well-known spectral characteristics of the light source and the filter plate.     

Asymmetric bromolactonization using amino-thiocarbamate catalyst

A novel amino-thiocarbamate-catalyzed bromolactonization of unsaturated carboxylic acids has been developed. The scope of the reaction is evidenced by 22 examples of γ-lactones with up to 99% yield and 93% ee. The protocol was applied in the enantioselective synthesis of the key intermediates of VLA-4 antagonists.     

Symmetry forbidden vibronic spectra and internal conversion in benzene

The spectra of symmetry-forbidden transitions and internal conversion were investigated in the present work. Temperature dependence was taken into account for the spectra simulation. The vibronic coupling, essential in the two processes, was calculated based on the Herzberg-Teller theory within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The approach was employed for the symmetry-forbidden absorption/fluorescence, and internal conversion between 1(1)A(1g) and 1(1)B(2u) states in benzene. Vibrational frequencies, normal coordinates, electronic transition dipole moments, and non-adiabatic coupling matrix elements were obtained by ab initio quantum chemical methods. The main peaks, along with the weak peaks, were in good agreement with the observed ones. The rate constant of the 1(1)A(1g)← 1(1)B(2u) internal conversion was estimated within the order of 10(3) s(-1). This could be regarded as the lower limit (about 4.8 × 10(3) s(-1)) of the internal conversion. It is stressed that the distortion effect was taken into account both in the symmetry-forbidden absorption/fluorescence, and the rate constants of internal conversion in the present work. The distortion effects complicate the spectra and increase the rate constants of internal conversion.     

Nanogibbsite: synthesis and characterization

Nanogibbsite was synthesized using a supersaturated Al(OH)(3) solution which was prepared by titration of AlCl(3) with NaOH at pH 4.6. Excess chloride ions in the system were stripped off by dialyzing the Al(OH)(3) suspension against distilled water. The dialysis step is critical for initiation of gibbsite crystallization or the Al(OH)(3) suspension would remain amorphous. Chloride ions seem to mask the seeding sites and so retard the overall process of gibbsite formation. When subjected to heat treatment, gibbsite→alumina conversion occurred by two mechanisms. Nanogibbsite→α-alumina phase transition occurred forming χ- and κ-alumina polymorphs.     

[Cu(DPPZ)(L-Ser)]+与DNA的相互作用及其分析应用研究

研究了DNA与铜(Ⅱ)-L丝氨酸-二吡啶并[3,2-a:2',3'-c]吩嗪配合物[Cu(DPPZ)(L-Ser)-]+相互作用的共振光散射光谱和紫外可见吸收光谱,通过研究体系与溴化乙啶相互作用的荧光光谱特征,证明其作用方式为插入作用.在pH 7.2的缓冲溶液中,[Cu(DPPZ)(L-Ser)]+由于插入作用而在DNA表面聚集,使体系的共振光散射强度增强,最大敞射峰在400 nm处.在最佳实验条件下,共振光散射增强的强度与浓度在0.42～4.20 ng·mL1范围的DNA具有良好的线性关系.方法的检出限为0.29 ng·mL-1.该法用于DNA样品的测定,回收率在97.8%～106.0%之间.