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991.
D. C. Besnard F. H. Harlow R. M. Rauenzahn C. Zemach 《Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics》1996,8(1):1-35
The spectrum of inhomogeneous turbulence is modeled by an approach that is not limited to regimes of large Reynolds numbers or small mean-flow strain rates. In its simplest form and applied to incompressible flow, the model depends on five phenomenological constants defining the strength of turbulence coupling to mean flow, turbulence transport in physical and wave-number space, and mixing of stress-tensor components. The implications for homogeneous isotropic turbulence are investigated in detail and found to correspond well to the conclusions from more fundamental theories. Under appropriate limiting conditions, a turbulent system described by the model will relax over time into a state of approximate spectral equilibrium permitting a reduction to a one-point model for the system that is substantially like the familiar K- model. This yields preliminary estimates of the present model's parameters and points to the way to improved modeling of flows beyond the applicability of the K- method. 相似文献
992.
993.
F. Mitschke G. Steinmeyer M. Ostermeyer C. Fallnich H. Welling 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1993,56(6):335-342
Additive pulse mode locking applied to lamppumped Nd: YAG lasers results in an attractive source of picosecond pulses at 1.06 m or 1.32 m with average powers at the Watt level. We provide detailed information on construction and operation and give data on performance. A modified active stabilization scheme allows not only improved stability of operation but also insight into the dynamics of pulse formation. 相似文献
994.
We compare two different theoretical models for a CO(2) laser, namely, the two- and four-level model, and show that the second one traces with much better accuracy the experimentally observed chaotic dynamics when the cavity losses are sinusoidally modulated. Even though the two-level model provides a qualitative explanation of the chaotic dynamics, only the four-level one assures a quantitative fitting. We also show that, at the onset of chaos, the chaotic dynamics is low dimensional and can be described in terms of a noninvertible one-dimensional map. 相似文献
995.
Summary The aminoacid glutamine in aqueous solution and in conditions of high temperature and long term storage is partly transformed into pyroglutamic acid which exhibits potential neurotoxic effects.Commercially available aminoacid mixtures supplemented with glutamine are heat-sterilized and some losses of glutamine and formation of pyroglutamic acid may occur.The aim of the work was to set up an easy and reliable HPLC method which allows the determination of pyroglutamic acid as a degradation product of glutamine. The column was a 5 m Hypersil ODS (100×4.6 mm) and the mobile phase 100% 0.007 M phosphate buffer pH 3.5.Stability studies in different conditions of temperature and time of storage were performed on aminoacid mixture available in the commerce. 相似文献
996.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Cyclic and Acyclic Silachalcogenanes with Disilanyl Units Synthesis and properties of (4-CH3? C6H4)3SiSiH3, (C6H5)2HSiSiH2C6H5, C6H5Cl2SiSiH3, (C6H5)2ClSiSiH3, (H3SiSiH2)2Se, H3SiSiH2ESiH3, , as well as characterisation by IR-, MS-, NMR-spectroscopy are described. Reactions of phenylsubstituted disilanes with HCl in the presence of catalytic amounts of AlCl3 provide chorinated chlorophenylsubstituted disilanes. Condensation of these chlorodisilanes with disilathiane or disilaselenane yield cyclic and acyclic silachalkogenanes containing disilanyl units. The structure of (C6H5)3SiSiH3 has been determined by X-ray analysis. The compound crystallizes in space group C2/c with the cell dimensions a = 16.366(2), b = 11.458(1), c = 19.719(2) Å, β = 110.93(1)°. 相似文献
997.
Bankim C. Das I. Dey G. Biswas R. Banerjee Y. Iitaka A. Banerjee 《Journal of chemical crystallography》1993,23(6):509-512
The crystal structure of C6H16N8O2·CuCl2, a biguanide metal complex, has been determined by X-ray diffraction data using MoK radiation. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/a, witha=11.074(4),b=12.061(4),c=5.312(3)Å and=102.8(1)°.The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a finalR value 0.037 with 1245 unique reflections. The complex molecule is centrosymmetric, with the Cu atom (0.5,0.5,0.5) on a crystallographic center of symmetry. The complex molecule is rhombic planar with a trans configuration. 相似文献
998.
D. W. Schwendeman M. C. A. Kropinski J. D. Cole 《Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP)》1993,44(3):556-571
Numerical calculations are carried out in the hodograph plane to construct optimal critical airfoil shapes and the flow about them. These optimal airfoil shapes give the highest free-stream Mach numberM
for a given thickness ratio and tail angle
t
(nonlifting) for which the flow is nowhere supersonic. A relationship betweenM
and for various
t
is given. Analytical and numerical solutions to the same problem are found on the basis of transonic small-disturbance theory. These results provide a limiting case asM
1, 0 and agree well with the calculations of the full problem. Using a numerical method to calculate the flow about general (subsonic) airfoils, a comparison is made between the critical free-stream Mach numbers for some standard airfoil shapes and the optimal free stream Mach number of the corresponding and
t
. A significant increase in the critical free-stream Mach number is found for the optimal airfoils. 相似文献
999.
We investigate the possible shapes of the surface of a rigidly rotating perfect fluid on which is matched the Kerr metric, using the Boyer (1965) surface condition. The solution, given in Figures 1 to 5, depends on three parameters, = qK, q = a/m, - (a/gwc), wherem denotes the mass of the source, a its angular momentum per unit mass, the angular velocity of rotation, andK is an integration constant appearing in Boyer's surface condition. When < 1, as in Figures 1 to 3, there are, for givenq and, two possible surfaces, of which the smaller one touches the ring-singularity at = a, z = 0. When > 1, as in Figures 4 and 5, there is only one possible surface of kidney-shaped tori, which also touch the ring singularity. In the case of a differentially rotating perfect fluid, we find a variety of possible strictly spheroidal surfaces, depending on the choice of an arbitrary integration function() of the angular velocity . If we choose() so that, at each point on the surface, is single-valued, then the resulting distribution exhibits an equatorial acceleration, similar to what is observed on the surface of the sun. This angular velocity distribution turns out to be identical with Thorne's (1971) angular velocity of cumulative dragging. 相似文献
1000.
In a three-dimensional model in which the gauge group does not commute with the Lorentz group, we demonstrate how the phase associated with the one-loop effective action (the function) can be computed by considering a quantum mechanical path integral. 相似文献