Reductions electrochimiques et chimiques de phenyl-2 6H-thiazines-1,3

Electrochemical and chemical reductions of 2-phenyl 6H-1,3-thiazines are complementary methods for the regioselective hydrogenation of the heterocyclic structure.     

Bayesian methods for multiaspect target tracking in image sequences

In this paper, we introduce new algorithms for automatic tracking of multiaspect targets in cluttered image sequences. We depart from the conventional correlation filter/Kalman filter association approach to target tracking and propose instead a nonlinear Bayesian methodology that enables direct tracking from the image sequence incorporating the statistical models for the background clutter, target motion, and target aspect change. Proposed algorithms include 1) a batch hidden Markov model (HMM) smoother and a sequential HMM filter for joint multiframe target detection and tracking and 2) two mixed-state sequential importance sampling trackers based on the sampling/importance resampling (SIR) and the auxiliary particle filtering (APF) techniques. Performance studies show that the proposed algorithms outperform the association of a bank of template correlators and a Kalman filter in adverse scenarios of low target-to-clutter ratio and uncertainty in the true target aspect.     

An Electrochemiluminescence Assay Based on the Interactionof Diaminotoluene Isomers with Gold(I) and Copper(II) Ions

A novel assay for the determination of 2,4- and 3,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) isomers based on the low-level electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reaction of these molecules with the group IB transition metal ions Au⁺and Cu⁺², respectively, in aqueous solution is described. DAT isomers were screened for ECL against a repertoire of 32 metals, including metal ions such as Cu⁺², Eu⁺³, Mg⁺², Ru⁺³, and Tb⁺³associated with other known ECL complexes, at 1:3 added metal ion:ligand molar ratios. The 1:3 molar ratio presumed tris-bidentate octahedral metal coordination complex formation, which generally yielded optimal ECL intensity. The apparent specificity of Au⁺for 2,4-DAT and Cu⁺²for 3,4-DAT, as indicated by ECL measurements, may be partly based on ionic size as Au⁺has nearly twice the ionic diameter of Cu⁺²and thus may form a coordination complex with themeta,but not theorthoDAT. Other DAT isomers were screened and exhibited mildly enhanced ECL with various metal ions, including group IB transition metal ions, but these ECL enhancements were not statistically significant. In some cases, titration of DAT ligands with Cu⁺²and Au⁺over broad concentration ranges produced nonlinear ECL response curves. Despite low-level ECL, sensitivities in the ppm range for Au⁺, Cu⁺², and their respective DAT isomers were achieved. Time dependence was observed for some of the ECL reactions, including the Ru(III)–bipyridine model system, in which the ECL intensity grew markedly over several hours. No ECL enhancements over background were observed with two dinitrotoluene isomers or an aminonitrotoluene screened against the same set of 32 metals. This novel ECL approach may have applications in the determination of some aminoaromatics from degradation of explosives (e.g., TNT) as well as detection and quantitation of various transition metals in industrial wastewater streams and groundwater supplies. In terms of fundamental science, the present data are probably of interest as an example of size-dependent molecular recognition of metal ions which can be detected by ECL.     

Deformation field induced by spherical indentation: numerical analysis and experimental measurement by speckle interferometry

The present paper describes an experimental procedure for the measurement of the displacement field around a spherical indentation. The measurements were performed by a speckle interferometer designed for the detection on small areas of one or more oblique components of displacement; the indentations were made by a standard durometer used for metals.The experiments were carried out on a hardened and tempered steel, previously characterized by a standard tensile test; the results are in accordance with the numerical results obtained by an elasto-plastic FEM analysis.     

On two-dimensional supergravity and the quantum super-Möbius group

We describe the quantum-group structure of two-dimensionalN=1 supergravity in the conformal gauge. The operator-algebra of this (super-Liouville) theory is shown to correspond to a quantum deformation of the super-Möbius group, which provides a new solution of Yang and Baxter's equation. This structure is used to investigate the strong-coupling regime of the theory (1d9). Ford=5, a unitary truncation theorem-similar to the one of the bosonic case-is derived for the fundamental representation.Unité Propre du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, associée à l'École Normale Supérieure et à l'Université de Paris-Sud     

A selected artificial intelligence bibliography for operations researchers

We have compiled a selected, classified, and annotated Artificial Intelligence bibliography specifically addressed to an operations research audience. The bibliography includes approximately 450 references from the areas of search (including heuristics and games), automatic deduction (including theorem proving, logic programming, and logical aspects of databases), planning, learning, and knowledge-based systems (with numerous specific applications to management, engineering, science, medicine, and other fields). We have also added a general references section, as well as a special section on Artificial Intelligence/Operations Research interfaces.Supported in part by Air Force through Grant AFOSR #0271.     

Retention of phosphates from aqueous solutions with in sol–gel-derived amorphous CaO–MgO–Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>–SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> system as a model of blast furnace slag

The article proposes new possibilities for the estimation of the maximum phosphate retention capacities (PRC) in blast furnace slags using their modeling. The amorphous blast furnace slag model (BFS–SG) and slag samples along the joining of the CaO:SiO₂ = 1 and (CaO + MgO):SiO₂ = 1 of the CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ phase diagram were prepared by the sol–gel method. The surface analysis of BFS–SG was performed and the results were compared with real BFS. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the phosphate removal of slags. SEM analysis and Raman spectroscopy were used to identify phosphate adsorbed forms. Phosphate retention is realized by the surface reactions of hydration products resulting in a nanostructured Ca-hydroxyapatite. The acid–base properties of the model samples in the selected cross-sections were characterized by the values of the optical basicity. An excellent linear relation between the phosphorus retention capacity (PRC) and the optical basicity of the model samples was found, which allows an estimation of slag retention capacities and the forms of adsorbed phosphorus.     

A graph partition problem

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Towards distributed emergency flow prioritization in software-defined networks

Emergency services must be able to transfer data with high priority over different networks. With 5G, slicing concepts at mobile network connections are introduced, allowing operators to divide portions of their network for specific use cases. In addition, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) principles allow to assign different Quality-of-Service (QoS) levels to different network slices. This paper proposes a microservices-based framework, able to run both centralized and distributed, that guarantees the required bandwidth for the emergency flows and maximizes the best-effort flows over the remaining bandwidth based on their priority. The proposed framework consists of an offline linear model, allowing to optimize the problem for a batch of flow requests. For dynamic situations, an online approach is also required in the framework to handle new incoming flows by calculating the path with a shortest path algorithm and utilizing a greedy approach in assigning bandwidth to the intermediate flows. In this article, the linear model is evaluated through simulation, the distributed architecture is evaluated through emulation while the online approach is validated through physical experiments with SDN switches. The results show that the linear model is able to guarantee the resource allocation for the emergency flows while optimizing the best-effort flows with a sub-second execution time. The distributed architecture is able to split up the managed network into different parts, allowing division of work between controllers. As a proof-of-concept, a prototype with Zodiac switches validates the feasibility of the centralized framework.