Photochemical reactions of Ru3(CO)12 involving metalmetal bond fission

Photolysis of Ru₃(CO)₁₂ in the presence of donor ligands rapidly produces monomeric ruthenium species.     

Metal to ligand group transfer reactions : II. Reactions of some π-allylrhodium(I) complexes with trifluoroacetic acid and alkyl,acyl and trimethyltin halides

Rh(π-C₃H₅)(PF₃)₃ (I), reacts with trifluoroacetic acid to form propene and [Rh(CF₃COO)(PF₃)₂]₂ (II). I reacts with t-butyl bromide to give [RhBr(PF₃)₂]₂ and a mixture of propene and 2-methyl-1-propene and with n-propyl bromide to give propene and [RhBr(PF₃)₂]₂. Rh(π-C₃H₅)(PPh₃)₂ (III), and t-butyl bromide yield propene and 2-methyl-1-propene. In these reactions a mechanism involving β-hydrogen abstraction and hydrogen migration via the metal to carbon is proposed. When III reacts with Me₃SnCl the Me₃Sn—moiety migrates intact to the π-allyl group. I reacts with acetyl chloride to give propene, [RhCl(PF₃)₂]₂ and the carbonyl rhodium complex Rh₂Cl₂(PF₃)₃(CO). II does not apparently undergo phosphine ligand exchange unlike the analogous halogeno-bridged dimers.     

High-resolution spectroscopy of induced chiral dimers: a study of the dimers of ethanol by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy

We present the first recording of the high-resolution spectrum of an induced chiral dimer. Three conformers of the induced chiral dimers of ethanol have been observed using a pulsed molecular-beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The rotational constants of the normal isotopomers of the three species have been determined to be (a) A=5113.826(5), B=1329.7214(4), and C=1257.5151(3) MHz, (b) A=5086.459(5), B=1316.6508(4), and C=1243.6329(4) MHz, and (c) A=4851.608(5), B=1369.7558(6), and C=1243.4184(4) MHz. The observed species have been assigned to calculated structures via Kraitchman double substitution analyses and ab initio calculations. The Kraitchman analyses and the fitted centrifugal distortion parameters suggest that the deuterium bond is significantly stronger than the hydrogen bond in the dimers of ethanol.     

Consistent propagator approximations

A propagator approximation scheme is presented in the context of an abstract*-algebra approach. The representation theory of such algebras is shown to play a crucial role in the definition of consistent approximations, i.e., approximate propagators based on model time evolutions and states. This procedure places superoperator methods of approximation on a sound Hilbert space footing. A generalization of the Fock vacuum property is introduced which leads to a simplification in the form of the model propagators. Finally a concrete example is considered that fulfills the conditions developed in this article showing that a consistent approximation to the electron propagator results in the Hartree–Fock–Boguliubov equations.     

A configuration interaction study of phosphine using bonded functions

A computational study is made of the effect of basis set upon the energy, properties and inversion barrier of the phosphine molecule. The calculations are performed at both the SCF and CI level. The flexibility of the double zeta basis is discussed in the light of the results.     

Thermodynamic properties of alkali halides. IV. Apparent molal volumes,expansibilities, compressibilities,and heat capacities in urea-water mixtures

The apparent molal volume φ_v, expansibility φ_E, compressibility φ_K, and heat capacity φ_c of NaCl were measured in urea-water mixtures, as a function of salt (<1.5m) and urea (<13m) concentrations at 25°C. At a fixed urea concentration, the transfer functions from H₂O to 3m urea are linear functions of the NaCl aquamolality. At a fixed salt aquamolality, (0.1m), the sign of the transfer functions is in the direction of a decrease in the structure-breaking effect, and the absolute values of the transfer functions tend to level off at high urea concentrations (13m). The functions φ_v, φ_E, φ_K, φ_c, and (?φ_v/?T)_p were measured for the sodium halides and alkali, bromides (chlorides in the case of φ_K) at a fixed salt aquamolality of 0.1m and fixed urea molality of 3m. The corresponding transfer functions from H₂O to 3m urea are opposite those from H₂O to D₂O and similarly are relatively independent of ionic size. This suggests that urea, shows no specific interaction affinity for ions and that the overall number of water molecules influenced by the ions is relatively constant for all alkali halides. The lithium halides are an exception in that Li⁺ seems to have hardly any structure-breaking effect.     

Ultraviolet absorbers for retarding wool photo-degradation: Sulphonated 2-hydroxybenzophenones and 2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenones

Nineteen sulphonated 2-hydroxybenzophenones and three sulphonated 2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenones have been prepared and compared with a commercially available member of each class of uv absorber as photo-protective agents for wool. Treated fabrics were exposed to Philips ML G/74 lamps and the extent of photo-tendering was assessed by measuring breaking loads and tear strengths. In general, 2-hydroxybenzophenones with 3-alkyl substituents provide better protection against photo-tendering than absorbers lacking 3-alkyl substituents. 2,2′-Dihydroxybenzophenones are more effective than 2-hydroxybenzophenones.

On the basis of effectiveness and ease of synthesis, 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-bis-w-sulphobutyloxybenzophenone (VIIb) shows most promise as a photo-protective agent. At the 5% level of application it trebles the lifetime of wool fabric during exposure to sunlight through window glass. It also retards the photo-tendering and fading of wool fabrics containing either a red or a blue milling acid dye.     

Electron spin resonance spectra of some phosphonyl radicals and related species

The isotropic ESR spectra of a number of phosphonyl radicals (X₂$\text{P}$O), the dimethylphosphinyl radical, and the phosphoranyl radical (MeO)₃$\text{P}$OBu-t, are described, and accurate values of the phosphorus hyperfine splittings and g-factors are reported. For X₂$\text{P}$O, the value of a(P) increases and the g-factor decreases as the electronegativity of X increases. There is a linear relationship between a(P) for X₂$\text{P}$O and ¹J(PH) for X₂P(O)H, but the same relationship does not hold for Me₂P- and Me₂PH. The spectrum of the di-n-hexylphosphonyl radical shows coupling to two pairs of α-methylene protons, and this non-equivalence is attributed to the pyramidal structure of the phosphonyl radical.     

Styrene emulsion polymerization: Particle-size distributions

Data are presented on the time evolution of particle-size distributions (PSDs) in seeded and ab initio styrene emulsion polymerization systems. Initiation was by chemical reagent (potassium persulfate) or γ-radiation. The unswollen PSDs at various times during interval II of the polymerization were obtained by direct measurement of calibrated electron micrographs. Experimental results were fitted with the equations that describe the time evolution of an initial PSD. Analytic solutions to these equations that allow for entry, exit, and propagation of free radicals were obtained. The values of the rate coefficients for these processes used to fit the experimental data were in excellent agreement with those obtained from dilatometric kinetics experiments.