Generation of CO2 pulses by free induction decay in KCI:KReO4

Subnanosecond pulses have been produced by optical free induction decay in KCI:KReO₄. Here the ν₃ vibrational mode of the perrhenate ion (ReO^-₄) acts as a resonant absorber for the 10.6μm, P(26) CO₂ laser line. As the phase relaxation time T₂ of the substitutional molecule ion is very small, efficient picosecond pulses can be produced by this medium if faster shuttering can be devised.     

Problem Department

This department aims to provide problems of interest to people engaged in the study of mathematics and science. All readers are invited to both propose and solve problems. In submitting solutions and proposals the following guidelines should be observed.     

Spherical functions and invariant differential operators on complex Grassmann manifolds

Proofs are given of two theorems of Berezin and Karpelevi?, which as far as we know never have been proved correctly. By using eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator it is shown that the spherical functions on a complex Grassmann manifold are given by a determinant of certain hypergeometric functions. By application of this result, it is proved that a certain system of operators, fow which explicit expressions are given, generates the algebra of radial parts of invariant differential operators.     

Broadband surface electromagnetic wave spectroscopy

Broadband generation and spectroscopic detection of infrared surface electromagnetic waves (SEW's) are reported from 600 to 1800 cm^?1. For KReO₄ coated metal samples a sharp absorption line near 1000 cm^?1 is used to compare the SEW and surface reflection spectroscopy (SRS) techniques. The integrated optical density of the absorption line is an order of magnitude larger with SEW spectroscopy than with SRS.     

Modeling Dislocation-Stacking Fault Interaction Using Molecular Dynamics

In a number of fcc materials such as copper or aluminum, as well as more complex materials such as twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels, the interaction between dislocations and other defects such as stacking faults or twins plays an important role in the hardening behavior of such materials. Interactions of dislocation and twin or stacking fault layers have been studied in this work using molecular dynamics. Depending on the material and the loading conditions, possible interaction modes include (i) penetration of the dislocation into the faulted layer, (ii) reduction of the faulted layer after interaction, (iii) growth of the faulted layer after interaction. Such studies up to this point have been performed without temperature control near zero K (0 to 2 K). In this work, we extend the previous studies to higher temperature with the help of two methods, both based on molecular dynamics (MD) modeling. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Modeling of polycrystals with gradient crystal plasticity: A comparison of strategies

This paper treats the computational modeling of size dependence in microstructure models of metals. Different gradient crystal plasticity strategies are analyzed and compared. For the numerical implementation, a dual-mixed finite element formulation which is suitable for parallelization is suggested. The paper ends with a representative numerical example for polycrystals.     

叠层芯片应用的封装挑战与解决方法

叠层管芯封装的不断发展导致该技术能有效地在同一基底内增大电子器件的功能和容量,作为单个芯片。蜂窝电话及其它消费类产品中叠层芯片封装的应用增长促使能够在给定封装尺寸中封装多层芯片。介绍了叠层芯片封装技术中最主要是满足总封装高度的要求。用于叠层芯片封装的技术实现方法包括基片减薄、薄裸芯片贴装、小形貌引线键合、与无支撑的边缘键合以及小偏倒成形等。集中介绍了叠层管芯互连要求。介绍了倒装芯片应用中的正向球形键合、反向球形键合和焊凸凸焊技术,讨论了优点和不足。说明球形键合机的发展能够满足叠层芯片封装的挑战,即超低环形状、长引线跨距和悬空键合等。     

500nA电源监控器延长便携式应用电池寿命

通过实际应用电路展示,介绍了采用LTC2934和LTC2935超低功率监控器提供准确电压监视和微处理器控制,从而实现便携应用电池寿命的延长。     

正确选择电源管理方案，提升系统性能并延长电池寿命

有了无线技术,用户就真正实现了"网络随行".然而无线设备无法长时间连接固定电源,因此如果仅靠电池供电的话,很快就能把电池电量消耗完.无论采用何种化学技术,电池都只能存储有限的电量,当电量耗尽时均需要替换或充电.加强对电源管理问题的重视可有助于延长电池的寿命.基站等一些不用依靠电池的无线系统必须在兼顾能源效率的前提下,才能实现高性能指标.