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141.
As part of an ongoing effort to deliberate synthesis of polynuclear heterometal complexes, we are exploring synthetic routes to high-nuclearity complexes using "metal oximates" as building blocks. Series of tetranuclear linear complex ions of the general types M(A)M(B)M(B)M(A), where M(A) is a trivalent or tetravalent metal ion and M(B) is a divalent metal ion, e.g., Mn(II), have been synthesized by using the dimetal(II) anionic cores, [(M(II)(B))(2)(dfmp)(3)](5)(-) as a bridging ligand for the terminal LM(A) fragments where H(3)dfmp is a dinucleating phenol-oxime ligand, 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol oxime, and L denotes a facially coordinating cyclic tridentate amine, 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane. The following combinations are reported here, B(III)Mn(II)Mn(II)B(III) (1), Mn(III)Mn(II)Mn(II)Mn(III) (2), Mn(IV)Mn(II)Mn(II)Mn(IV) (3), Fe(III)Mn(II)Mn(II)Fe(III) (4), and Cr(III)Mn(II)Mn(II)Cr(III) (5). The compounds have been characterized spectroscopically and by magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 2.0-290 K at different field strengths. Complexes 1-4 have also been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques at 100 K. The magnetic behaviors of the compounds indicate weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the manganese(II) centers in the central trisphenoxo-bridged dimanganese(II) core, whereas the coupling between the terminal M(A) and its neighboring Mn(II) center varies and is weak ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. The relative interaction intensity in such a series of complexes is discussed. Finally, a profound influence of the charge on the terminal metal ions on the strength of the exchange coupling in the central dimanganese(II) core has been observed and discussed in relation to the covalency of the metal-ligand bonding. 相似文献
142.
The heterodinuclear complex [LCuIIVIVO] 1 was synthesized by using a new unsymmetric dinucleating ligand based on 1,8-naphthalenediol, whereas the homodinuclear CuIICuII complex 2 has a bridging beta-diketimineamid unit. Here we report on the synthesis, molecular structures, and magnetic properties of 1 and 2. In the solid state, both complexes dimerize to tetranuclear entities 1(2) and 2(2). The intradimer interaction in both complexes is ferromagnetic because of the orthogonality of the magnetic orbitals (J12 = +45.6 cm(-1) in 1 and +4.8 cm(-1) in 2). The interdimer interaction in 1 is also ferromagnetic, giving a St = 2 ground state. 相似文献
143.
Microwave reaction of RuCl3 with 2,2'-bipyridinyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (debpy) in ethylene glycol generated Ru(bpy)3(2+) instead of the expected Ru(debpy)3(2+). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the headspace revealed CO2, and Ru(bpy)3(2+) was recovered from the filtrate. Further experiments suggest that RuCl3 decarboxylates debpy during microwave synthesis. 相似文献
144.
Shen Y Guturu PP Buckles BP 《IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine》2012,16(1):98-105
Since wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a novel technology for recording the videos of the digestive tract of a patient, the problem of segmenting the WCE video of the digestive tract into subvideos corresponding to the entrance, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine regions is not well addressed in the literature. A selected few papers addressing this problem follow supervised leaning approaches that presume availability of a large database of correctly labeled training samples. Considering the difficulties in procuring sizable WCE training data sets needed for achieving high classification accuracy, we introduce in this paper an unsupervised learning approach that employs Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) for extraction of local image features and the probabilistic latent semantic analysis (pLSA) model used in the linguistic content analysis for data clustering. Results of experimentation indicate that this method compares well in classification accuracy with the state-of-the-art supervised classification approaches to WCE video segmentation. 相似文献
145.
Peter Hacke Ryan Smith Kent Terwilliger Greg Perrin Bill Sekulic Sarah Kurtz 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2014,22(7):775-783
IEC 62804 Ed. 1, System voltage durability qualification test for crystalline silicon modules, is being developed. First, two module designs are compared in chamber and in the natural environment of Florida (USA). From these results, a stress level of 60 °C, 85% relative humidity, a bias of nameplate system voltage, 96 h dwell, and a pass/fail limit of 5% relative power degradation at 25 °C and 1000 W/m2 irradiance is initially proposed for the draft protocol. This paper next focuses on one of the main controversies within the development of this standard—the use of damp heat in an environmental chamber versus a conductive foil to complete the circuit to ground during the test. Conventional 60‐cell multicrystalline silicon modules with (i) a standard aluminum frame, (ii) a modified frame, and (iii) a rear rail design were tested for potential‐induced degradation (PID). These three module designs were stressed at the draft protocol conditions stated above and outdoors, applying negative system voltage bias during hours of daylight to simulate array voltage. The damp heat environmental chamber tests run according to the protocol distinguish the relative resistance of five module designs to PID in the field and correctly rank‐order the durability in the field to the extent tested (up to 28 months). Finally, the degradation rate is determined at 25 °C using a foil to ground the module face on a subset of modules susceptible to PID, and the results with respect to measured field performance of the modules are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
146.
一种带可配置插值滤波器的14-Bit 1-GS/s 数模转换器 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
A programmable 14-bit 1-GS/s current-steering digital-to-analog converter is presented.It features a selectable interpolation rate(2x/4x/8x) with a programmable interpolation filter.To improve the high-frequency performance,a "fast switching" technique that adds additional biasing to the current-switch is adopted.The datadependent clock loading effect is also minimized with an improved switch control by using a double latch.This DAC is implemented in 65 nra CMOS technology with an active area of 1.56 mm~2.The measured SFDRs are 70.05 dB at 250 MS/s for 120.65 MHz input sine-wave signal and 64.24 dB at 960 MS/s for 56.3 MHz input sine-wave signal,respectively. 相似文献
147.
The separation of biological cells by filtration through microstructured constrictions is limited by unpredictable variations of the filter hydrodynamic resistance as cells accumulate in the microstructure. Applying a reverse flow to unclog the filter will undo the separation and reduce filter selectivity because of the reversibility of low-Reynolds number flow. We introduce a microfluidic structural ratchet mechanism to separate cells using oscillatory flow. Using model cells and microparticles, we confirmed the ability of this mechanism to sort and separate cells and particles based on size and deformability. We further demonstrate that the spatial distribution of cells after sorting is repeatable and that the separation process is irreversible. This mechanism can be applied generally to separate cells that differ based on size and deformability. 相似文献
148.
Ermelinda?DeLaVi?a Craig?E.?LarsonEmail author Ryan?Pepper Bill?Waller 《Graphs and Combinatorics》2012,28(3):315-332
In a classical 1986 paper by Erdös, Saks and Saós every graph of radius r has an induced path of order at least 2r ? 1. This result implies that the independence number of such graphs is at least r. In this paper, we use a result of S. Fajtlowicz about radius-critical graphs to characterize graphs where the independence number is equal to the radius, for all possible values of the radius except 2, 3, and 4. We briefly discuss these remaining cases as well. 相似文献
149.
MS Shongwe UA Al-Zaabi F Al-Mjeni CS Eribal E Sinn IA Al-Omari HH Hamdeh D Matoga H Adams MJ Morris AL Rheingold E Bill DJ Sellmyer 《Inorganic chemistry》2012,51(15):8241-8253
Several potentially tridentate pyridyl and phenolic Schiff bases (apRen and HhapRen, respectively) were derived from the condensation reactions of 2-acetylpyridine (ap) and 2'-hydroxyacetophenone (Hhap), respectively, with N-R-ethylenediamine (RNHCH(2)CH(2)NH(2), Ren; R = H, Me or Et) and complexed in situ with iron(II) or iron(III), as dictated by the nature of the ligand donor set, to generate the six-coordinate iron compounds [Fe(II)(apRen)(2)]X(2) (R = H, Me; X(-) = ClO(4)(-), BPh(4)(-), PF(6)(-)) and [Fe(III)(hapRen)(2)]X (R = Me, Et; X(-) = ClO(4)(-), BPh(4)(-)). Single-crystal X-ray analyses of [Fe(II)(apRen)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (R = H, Me) revealed a pseudo-octahedral geometry about the ferrous ion with the Fe(II)-N bond distances (1.896-2.041 ?) pointing to the (1)A(1) (d(π)(6)) ground state; the existence of this spin state was corroborated by magnetic susceptibility measurements and M?ssbauer spectroscopy. In contrast, the X-ray structure of the phenolate complex [Fe(III)(hapMen)(2)]ClO(4), determined at 100 K, demonstrated stabilization of the ferric state; the compression of the coordinate bonds at the metal center is in accord with the (2)T(2) (d(π)(5)) ground state. Magnetic susceptibility measurements along with EPR and M?ssbauer spectroscopic techniques have shown that the iron(III) complexes are spin-crossover (SCO) materials. The spin transition within the [Fe(III)N(4)O(2)](+) chromophore was modulated with alkyl substituents to afford two-step and one-step (6)A(1) ? (2)T(2) transformations in [Fe(III)(hapMen)(2)]ClO(4) and [Fe(III)(hapEen)(2)]ClO(4), respectively. Previously, none of the X-salRen- and X-sal(2)trien-based ferric spin-crossover compounds exhibited a stepwise transition. The optical spectra of the LS iron(II) and SCO iron(III) complexes display intense d(π) → p(π)* and p(π) → d(π) CT visible absorptions, respectively, which account for the spectacular color differences. All the complexes are redox-active; as expected, the one-electron oxidative process in the divalent compounds occurs at higher redox potentials than does the reverse process in the trivalent compounds. The cyclic voltammograms of the latter compounds reveal irreversible electrochemical generation of the phenoxyl radical. Finally, the H(2)salen-type quadridentate ketimine H(2)hapen complexed with an equivalent amount of iron(III) to afford the μ-oxo-monobridged dinuclear complex [{Fe(III)(hapen)}(2)(μ-O)] exhibiting a distorted square-pyramidal geometry at the metal centers and considerable antiferromagnetic coupling of spins (J ≈ -99 cm(-1)). 相似文献
150.
Jean-Christophe Rossi Laurent Boiteau Hélène Collet Bill Mbondo Tsamba Nicolas Larcher Robert Pascal 《Tetrahedron letters》2012,53(24):2976-2979
Lysine dendrigraft polymers (DGL) are promising candidates as carriers for targeted drug/gene delivery and bio-imaging, as such deserving extensive chemical functionalisation studies. We describe here examples of complete grafting of DGL amino groups by various substituents: hydrophobic amino acids (Ala, Val, Leu), dicarboxylic acids (succinic, Asp), guanidyl and saccharides (Gal), by means of straightforward coupling reactions, thus opening to versatile tuning of DGL properties (hydrophobicity, nucleophilicity, electric charge…). DGL functionalisation by lactose (when carried out so as to avoid borate ester formation between sugars) however yields partially grafted DGL; besides, partial grafting can be achieved by tuning the reagent/DGL stoichiometric ratio. 相似文献