后处理在数字抠像中的应用与解析

数字抠像是将一幅图像中的前景物体与背景进行分离的问题,它的关键在于Alpha通道的计算.以往通过采样方法求得的Alpha中,由于采用逐点计算的离散化方式,求解出的Alpha通常不连续,并且包含很多噪声,因而需要对Alpha进行后处理,这不仅会增强Alpha在视觉上的平滑性,而且能够进一步提高Alpha的精确度.在目前国际上,有关数字抠像后处理领域已经进行了许多研究,但缺少相关的综述性文献,并且对后处理后的Alpha如何进行定量的评价也仍未系统解决.本文首先将数字抠像中的后处理方法分为2类:与仿射类方法相结合的方式及自平滑方式,其次,对两类方法进行了全面的总结和梳理,并对方法的优缺点进行了分析,对将来研究方向提出了建议,最后,针对后处理后的Alpha结果进行了全面的量化比较,弥补了传统方法基本上仅在视觉层面上进行比较的缺陷.     

假耧斗菜碱的二维核磁共振研究

利用1D和2D NMR及NOE差谱等方法研究了首次从自然界分离到的头对尾型BBI生物碱假耧斗菜碱(Paraquileginine)的化学位移及立体结构,对其:¹H和¹³C NMR谱线进行了全归属。本工作对研究毛莫科植物的化学分类及寻找新的有生物功能的天然药物具有参考价值。     

光纤浊度仪

光纤浊度仪是测量水中杂质含量及其变化的一种仪器,该仪器具有测速快和准确性高的特点。本文介绍了仪器的原理结构及主要参数。     

冲击作用下多元石英计压电电流研究

对一种多元石英计的冲击动态响应进行了实验研究，实验结果表明，冲击压力低于2GPa的条件下，多元石英计测量单元压电电流动态响应的基本特征，以及在边缘效应影响下，测量单元压电电流起跳值的降低、斜升幅度的增加，都类似于短路型单元石英计，因而可应用于冲击作用，特别是空间非均匀冲击作用分布等的研究。     

结合地物分类的湿地蒸散量定量遥感集成模型

湿地蒸散发量是湿地水量支出的重要组成部分。利用遥感技术可以合理有效地计算出地形复杂的湿地的蒸散发量。将遥感图像分类技术与定量遥感蒸散发模型结合起来,考虑各类地物不同的蒸散发源和水热传输机制,建立了集成模型,分析和计算了湿地主要地物的蒸散发量。通过对各地物类的样区平均蒸散发量与实测数据进行比较,证明结合地物分类的湿地蒸散发量计算集成模型能够取得很好的结果。     

Self-Adhesive Polydimethylsiloxane Foam Materials Decorated with MXene/Cellulose Nanofiber Interconnected Network for Versatile Functionalities

Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) foam as one of next-generation polymer foam materials shows poor surface adhesion and limited functionality, which greatly restricts its potential applications. Fabrication of advanced PDMS foam materials with multiple functionalities remains a critical challenge. In this study, unprecedented self-adhesive PDMS foam materials are reported with worm-like rough structure and reactive groups for fabricating multifunctional PDMS foam nanocomposites decorated with MXene/cellulose nanofiber (MXene/CNF) interconnected network by a facile silicone foaming and dip-coating strategy followed by silane surface modification. Interestingly, such self-adhesive PDMS foam produces strong interfacial adhesion with the hybrid MXene/CNF nano-coatings. Consequently, the optimized PDMS foam nanocomposites have excellent surface super-hydrophobicity (water contact angle of ≈159^o), tunable electrical conductivity (from 10⁻⁸ to 10 S m⁻¹), stable compressive cyclic reliability in both wide-temperature range (from −20 to 200 ^oC) and complex environments (acid, sodium, and alkali conditions), outstanding flame resistance (LOI value of >27% and low smoke production rate), good thermal insulating performance and reliable strain sensing in various stress modes and complex environmental conditions. It provides a new route for the rational design and development of advanced PDMS foam nanocomposites with versatile multifunctionalities for various promising applications such as intelligent healthcare monitoring and fire-safe thermal insulation.     

Highly Crystalline Soluble Acene Crystal Arrays for Organic Transistors: Mechanism of Crystal Growth During Dip‐Coating

The preparation of uniform large‐area highly crystalline organic semiconductor thin films that show outstanding carrier mobilities remains a challenge in the field of organic electronics, including organic field‐effect transistors. Quantitative control over the drying speed during dip‐coating permits optimization of the organic semiconductor film formation, although the kinetics of crystallization at the air–solution–substrate contact line are still not well understood. Here, we report the facile one‐step growth of self‐aligning, highly crystalline soluble acene crystal arrays that exhibit excellent field‐effect mobilities (up to 1.5 cm V^?1 s^?1) via an optimized dip‐coating process. We discover that optimized acene crystals grew at a particular substrate lifting‐rate in the presence of low boiling point solvents, such as dichloromethane (b.p. of 40.0 °C) or chloroform (b.p. of 60.4 °C). Variable‐temperature dip‐coating experiments using various solvents and lift rates are performed to elucidate the crystallization behavior. This bottom‐up study of soluble acene crystal growth during dip‐coating provides conditions under which one may obtain uniform organic semiconductor crystal arrays with high crystallinity and mobilities over large substrate areas, regardless of the substrate geometry (wafer substrates or cylinder‐shaped substrates).     

Analysis of issues in gate recess etching in the InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT manufacturing process

We have developed an InAlAs/InGaAs metamorphic high electron mobility transistor device fabrication process where the gate length can be tuned within the range of 0.13 μm–0.16 μm to suit the intended application. The core processes are a two-step electron-beam lithography process using a three-layer resist and gate recess etching process using citric acid. An electron-beam lithography process was developed to fabricate a T-shaped gate electrode with a fine gate foot and a relatively large gate head. This was realized through the use of three-layered resist and two-step electron beam exposure and development. Citric acid-based gate recess etching is a wet etching, so it is very important to secure etching uniformity and process reproducibility. The device layout was designed by considering the electrochemical reaction involved in recess etching, and a reproducible gate recess etching process was developed by finding optimized etching conditions. Using the developed gate electrode process technology, we were able to successfully manufacture various monolithic microwave integrated circuits, including low noise amplifiers that can be used in the 28 GHz to 94 GHz frequency range.     

容积信息粒子多传感器融合算法

为提高多传感器融合的精确度,提出一种容积信息粒子多传感器融合算法。算法将容积信息滤波(CIF)和粒子滤波(PF)结合一起,采用CIF传递PF的粒子,通过引入信息贡献向量和信息贡献矩阵,将多个传感器的量测信息更新到PF的粒子中,提高粒子与真实状态后验概率分布的逼近程度,改进多传感器融合精确度。同时将CIF估计值作为粒子,消除随机扰动对融合的影响,提高粒子有效度,进一步提高融合精确度。仿真与实验表明,算法能够有效处理集中式多传感器融合问题,具有较高的滤波精确度。