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Moment analysis method using partial filling CE was developed for the kinetic study on solute permeation at the interface of spherical molecular aggregates. Moment equations for partial filling CE were developed by classifying CE systems into five categories according to the migration velocities of solute and molecular aggregate. The method was applied to the study on the dissolution of electrically neutral solutes into SDS micelles. Elution peaks were measured by partial filling CE while changing the concentration of SDS and the filling ratio of SDS micellar zone to the capillary (ϕM). Partition equilibrium constants (Kp) and rate constants of interfacial solute permeation of SDS micelles (kin and kout) were determined from the first absolute and second central moments of the elution peaks by using the moment equations. Their values were comparable irrespective of ϕM and were almost the same as those previously measured by complete filling CE. The positive correlation of Kp with the hydrophobicity of the solutes was explained in terms of the change in kin and kout. It was demonstrated that the moment analysis method using partial filling CE is effective for studying solute permeation kinetics at the interface of spherical molecular aggregates. 相似文献
33.
Properties of In situ polymerized poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/alumina composites for energy storage applications 下载免费PDF全文
Mari Cruz G. Saborío Francesc Estrany Carlos Alemán 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2017,55(15):1131-1141
Composites formed by poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and alumina (PEDOT/Al2O3) have been prepared by in situ anodic polymerization. For this purpose, the stability of 1:1 and 4:1 monomer:alumina aqueous solutions has been examined as a function of the pH (2.3, 4.0, 7.0, 8.8, or 10.8). Results indicate that the monomer behaves as a dispersant that remains stable at the studied basic pHs despite they are close to the isoelectric point of alumina. Although the thermal stability of the composites is considerably affected by the pH of the reaction medium, its influence on the surface morphology is very small. Independently, of the synthetic conditions, the electrochemical properties were better for PEDOT/Al2O3 than for pure PEDOT, reflecting that alumina particles promote the charge mobility. The highest specific capacitance (SC; 141 F/g), which was 55% higher than that obtained for pure PEDOT, was achieved for the composite prepared at pH = 8.8 using a 4:1 monomer:alumina ratio. These conditions favor the participation of OH– groups as secondary doping agents without degrading the polymer matrix and enhance the specific surface of the films, facilitating the ionic mobility. On the other hand, application of a multi‐step polymerization strategy has shown that interfaces originated by consecutive steps enhance the SC. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55, 1131–1141 相似文献
34.
Riet Dams Elena Bernabe Anna Nicoletti Claudio Loda Luca Martini Damiano Papini 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2010,24(17):2650-2654
The introduction of Quality by Design (QbD) in Drug Development has resulted in a greater emphasis on chemical process understanding, in particular on the origin and fate of impurities. Therefore, the identification and quantitation of low level impurities in new Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) play a crucial role in project progression and this has created a greater need for sensitive and selective analytical methodology. Consequently, scientists are constantly challenged to look for new applications of traditional analytical techniques. In this context a normal‐phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS) method was developed to determine the amount of a de‐fluorinated analogue impurity in Casopitant Mesylate, a new API under development in GlaxoSmithKline, Verona. Normal‐phase LC provided the selectivity needed between our target analyte and Casopitant, while a single quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to ensure the sensitivity needed to detect the impurity at <0.05%w/w. Standard solutions and samples were prepared in heptane/ethanol (50:50, v/v) containing 1% of 2 M NH3 in ethanol; the mobile phase consisted of heptane/ethanol (95:5, v/v) with isocratic elution (flow rate: 1.0 mL/min, total run time: 23 min). To allow the formation of ions in solutions under normal‐phase (apolar) conditions, a post‐column infusion of a solution of 0.1% v/v of formic acid in methanol was applied (flow rate: 200 µL/min). The analysis was carried out in positive ion mode, monitoring the impurity by single ion monitoring (SIM). The method was fully validated and its applicability was demonstrated by the analysis of real‐life samples. This work is an example of the need for selective and accurate methodology during the development of a new chemical entity in order to develop an appropriate control strategy for impurities to ultimately ensure patient safety. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
35.
Masahiro Yamashita Daisuke Kawakami Satoshi Matsunaga Yoshio Nakayama Mari Sasaki Shinya Takaishi Fumiyasu Iwahori Hitoshi Miyasaka Ken‐ichi Sugiura Yoshiki Wada Hiroshi Miyamae Hiroyuki Matsuzaki Hiroshi Okamoto Hisaaki Tanaka Kazuhiro Marumoto Shin‐ichi Kuroda 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2004,116(36):4867-4871
36.
Mihai Mari 《Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées》2002,81(12):109-1239
We are interested in the existence of travelling-waves for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in RN with “ψ3−ψ5”-type nonlinearity. First, we prove an abstract result in critical point theory (a local variant of the classical saddle-point theorem). Using this result, we get the existence of travelling-waves moving with sufficiently small velocity in space dimension N4. 相似文献
37.
We have developed a new sample injection method for capillary electrophoresis (CE) that reduces the required migration time. We demonstrated a pressurization technique that was performed with buffer in the outlet after the electrokinetic sample injection with no buffer in the outlet. To reduce the migration time, the sample injection had to be performed with no buffer in the outlet; water should be pressurized while the buffer is in the outlet. Though the resolution was slightly decreased using this method, the addition of a separation carrier (curdlan) to the run buffer restored the resolution without delaying the migration time. The use of our new sample injection method combined with our high-quality separation carrier will enable us to improve the efficiency of the high-throughput screening (HTS) system for proteome analysis. 相似文献
38.
Watanabe S Sonobe M Arai M Tazume Y Matsuo T Nakamura T Yoshida K 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2002,(23):2866-2867
A gold nanoparticle surface-modified with amide ligands shows enhanced optical sensing of anions: the detection limit is increased by about three orders of magnitude higher than that originally expected from the anion binding ability of neutral amide ligands. 相似文献
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