Total matchings and total coverings of graphs

In graph theory, the related problems of deciding when a set of vertices or a set of edges constitutes a maximum matching or a minimum covering have been extensively studied. In this paper we generalize these ideas by defining total matchings and total coverings, and show that these sets, whose elements in general consist of both vertices and edges, provide a way to unify these concepts. Parameters denoting the maximum and the minimum cardinality of these sets are introduced and upper and lower bounds depending only on the order of the graph are obtained for the number of elements in arbitrary total matchings and total coverings. Precise values of all the parameters are found for several general classes of graphs, and these are used to establish the sharpness of most of the bounds. In addition, variations of some well known equalities due to Gallai relating covering and matching numbers are obtained.     

IETF-based Finite Automaton for Service Composition in Service Function Chaining

Wireless Personal Communications - Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) acts as one of the promising multiple access technology for fifth generation communication systems, and has the capability...     

SAR target recognition using behaviour library of different shapes in different incidence angles and polarisations

Target recognition is one of the most important issues in the interpretation of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Modelling, analysis, and recognition of the effects of influential parameters in the SAR can provide a better understanding of the SAR imaging systems, and therefore facilitates the interpretation of the produced images. Influential parameters in SAR images can be divided into five general categories of radar, radar platform, channel, imaging region, and processing section, each of which has different physical, structural, hardware, and software sub-parameters with clear roles in the finally formed images. In this paper, for the first time, a behaviour library that includes the effects of polarisation, incidence angle, and shape of targets, as radar and imaging region sub-parameters, in the SAR images are extracted. This library shows that the created pattern for each of cylindrical, conical, and cubic shapes is unique, and due to their unique properties these types of shapes can be recognised in the SAR images. This capability is applied to data acquired with the Canadian RADARSAT1 satellite.     

One-pot multicomponent synthesis of indol-3-yl-hydrazinyl thiazoles as antimicrobial agents

A series of novel mono- and bis(indol-3-yl)hydrazinyl thiazole derivatives were efficiently synthesized via one-pot cyclocondensation of mono- or bis(indole-3-carbaldehyde), thiosemicarbazide, and phenacyl bromides. The structure of the products was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ¹³C NMR spectra. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritis). Among the compounds screened, a few were found to be highly effective antibacterial agents. The bis-compounds with OCH₃ donating group exhibited good activity against the Gram-positive bacteria.     

A New Automated Design Method Based on Machine Learning for CMOS Analog Circuits

A new simulation based automated CMOS analog circuit design method which applies a multi-objective non-Darwinian-type evolutionary algorithm based on Learnable Evolution Model (LEM) is proposed in this article. The multi-objective property of this automated design of CMOS analog circuits is governed by a modified Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) incorporated in the LEM algorithm presented here. LEM includes a machine learning method such as the decision trees that makes a distinction between high- and low-fitness areas in the design space. The learning process can detect the right directions of the evolution and lead to high steps in the evolution of the individuals. The learning phase shortens the evolution process and makes remarkable reduction in the number of individual evaluations. The expert designer’s knowledge on circuit is applied in the design process in order to reduce the design space as well as the design time. The circuit evaluation is made by HSPICE simulator. In order to improve the design accuracy, bsim3v3 CMOS transistor model is adopted in this proposed design method. This proposed design method is tested on three different operational amplifier circuits. The performance of this proposed design method is verified by comparing it with the evolutionary strategy algorithm and other similar methods.     

Optimized mercapto-modified resorcinol formaldehyde xerogel for adsorption of lead and copper ions from aqueous solutions

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology - Resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) xerogel was modified by mercapto functional groups for removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The...