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61.
O. Renault N. Barrett L.F. Zagonel J.C. Cezar K. Winkler D. Funnemann 《Surface science》2007,601(20):4727-4732
The importance of energy filtering in PEEM-based imaging methods has been shown in recent years with the availability of powerful instruments. A new instrument, the NanoESCA, combines a fully electrostatic PEEM column and an aberration corrected double hemispherical analyser as energy filter. This paper reports on recently demonstrated XPEEM results using the first commercially available NanoESCA instrument operated with both synchrotron soft X-rays and monochromatic laboratory Al Kα radiation. The implementation of elemental and bonding-state specific imaging is shown with both excitation sources. The presently achieved (but not yet ultimate) lateral resolutions on energy filtered core-level images are 150 nm with a large synchrotron spot and below 1 μm with a focused laboratory source. To date this is the unique example of laboratory XPEEM core-level imaging. 相似文献
62.
Restrictions on the size and proximity of clearcuts have led to the development of a variety of exact and heuristic methods to optimize the net present value of timber harvests, subject to adjacency constraints. Most treat harvest units as pre-defined, and impose adjacency constraints on any two units sharing a common border. By using graph theory notation to define sub-graph adjacency constraints, opening size can be considered variable, which may be more appropriate for landscape-level planning. A small example data set is used in this paper to demonstrate the difference between the two types of adjacency constraints for both integer programming and heuristic solution methods. 相似文献
63.
64.
Numerische Mathematik - This paper considers a finite element approximation of the Dirichlet problem for a second order self-adjoint elliptic equation,Au=f, in a region Ω ⊂ ℝn (n=2... 相似文献
65.
Polyelectrolytes functionalized with photoisomerizable azobenzene chromophores were multi-layered onto inorganic and metal surfaces, by the repeated adsorption from dilute aqueous solution, alternating between oppositely charged polymers. These layer-by-layer ionically self-assembled thin films were investigated for their suitability as sensor host materials with respect to the criteria of control over physical layer properties, versatility to different substrates and adsorption geometries, and stability of the formed layers to heat, solvent, and sonication. Layer thickness was found to be controllable between 5 A and 500 nm by varying the total number of layers deposited, from a single monolayer to 1000 layers. Control over individual layer thickness was achieved by varying the pH of the adsorption solutions. This multi-layer self-assembly was demonstrated to be suitable for a wide range of metal and inorganic substrates, and achievable with surfaces of high curvature (r = 50 nm), and confined geometry. The deposited layers exhibited good stability to desorption in a range of organic solvents, aqueous temperatures to 100 degrees C, and cleaning protocols such as sonication. The laser-induced geometric isomerization of the azobenzene chromophores was shown to be strongly dependent on aqueous solution properties, demonstrating an application as a hydroxide ion sensor in highly alkaline media. 相似文献
66.
Using the approach of Rulla (1996 SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 33, 68-87)for analysing the time discretization error and assuming moreregularity on the initial data, we improve on the error boundderived by Barrett and Blowey (1996 IMA J. Numer. Anal. 16,257-287) for a fully practical piecewise linear finite elementapproximation with a backward Euler time discretization of amodel for phase separation of a multi-component alloy. 相似文献
67.
Summary The retention behaviour of an homologous series of phosphorylated oligodeoxythymidylic acid (pd(T)5–18) oligonucleotides was studied using reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography with isocratic elution conditions. The effects
of temperature, pH, eluent ionic strength, percentage organic modifier, concentration and alkyl chain length of the ion-pairing
reagent were investigated. The retention behaviour was generally explicable by current theoretical models of ion-pair chromatography.
However, the marked effect of mobile phase pH on the retention of the oligonucleotides was unexpected, and this was ascribed
to the presence of ionisable residual silanols on the surface of the reversed-phase packing material. 相似文献
68.
C. P. Slichter S. E. Barrett J. A. Martindale D. J. Durand C. H. Pennington C. A. Klug K. E. O’Hara S. M. DeSoto T. Imai J. P. Rice T. A. Friedmann D. M. Ginsberg 《Applied magnetic resonance》1992,3(3-4):423-448
The authors review and up-date their work on Knight shifts, spin-lattice relaxation, and indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling for YBa2Cu3O7 in the superconducting state. The data are analyzed in particular to show what it may indicate about the orbital and spin pairing of the superconducting state. 相似文献
69.
N-tert-Alkyl and aryl amides were obtained by a Ritter reaction of various nitriles with tertiary alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of bismuth triflate. 相似文献
70.
Aubert B Barate R Boutigny D Couderc F Karyotakis Y Lees JP Poireau V Tisserand V Zghiche A Grauges E Palano A Pappagallo M Pompili A Chen JC Qi ND Rong G Wang P Zhu YS Eigen G Ofte I Stugu B Abrams GS Battaglia M Breon AB Brown DN Button-Shafer J Cahn RN Charles E Day CT Gill MS Gritsan AV Groysman Y Jacobsen RG Kadel RW Kadyk J Kerth LT Kolomensky YG Kukartsev G Lynch G Mir LM Oddone PJ Orimoto TJ Pripstein M Roe NA Ronan MT Wenzel WA Barrett M Ford KE Harrison TJ Hart AJ Hawkes CM Morgan SE 《Physical review letters》2007,98(21):211804
We present a measurement of the partial branching fractions and mass spectra of the exclusive radiative penguin processes B-->Kpipigamma in the range m(Kpipi)<1.8 GeV/c(2). We reconstruct four final states: K(+)pi(-)pi(+)gamma, K(+)pi(-)pi(0)gamma, K(S)(0)pi(-)pi(+)gamma, and K(S)(0)pi(+)pi(0)gamma, where K(S)(0)-->pi(+)pi(-). Using 232 x 10(6) e(+)e(-)-->BB events recorded by the BABAR experiment at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy storage ring, we measure the branching fractions B(B(+)-->K(+)pi(-)pi(+)gamma)=[2.95+/-0.13(stat)+/-0.20(syst)] x 10(-5), B(B(0)-->K(+)pi(-)pi(0)gamma)=[4.07+/-0.22(stat)+/-0.31(syst)] x 10(-5), B(B(0)-->K(0)pi(+)pi(-)gamma)=[1.85+/-0.21(stat)+/-0.12(syst)] x 10(-5), and B(B(+)-->K(0)pi(+)pi(0)gamma)=[4.56+/-0.42(stat)+/-0.31(syst)] x 10(-5). 相似文献