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111.
The influence of surface enhanced covalency on the Madelung potential is experimentally investigated using angle-resolved photoemission for (100), (110) and (111) SrTiO3 surfaces after annealing in UHV at 630 °C. Deconvolution of the core level spectra (O 1s, Sr 3d and Ti 2p) distinguishes bulk and surface components, which are interpreted in terms of surface enhanced covalency (SEC). By comparing the experimentally measured binding energies with theoretical calculations developed in the framework of the Localized-Hole Point-Ion Model, we quantitatively determine the effective electron occupancy at bulk and surface Sr and Ti sites. Our results confirm the essentially ionic character of Sr–O bond and the partially covalent character of Ti–O bond in bulk STO. The cation Ti and Sr electron occupation is greater for all the three surfaces than in the bulk. Surface covalency shifts the Madelung potential at the surface by ΔEM. ΔEM is a minimum for the (111) surface, and increases through (100), attaining a maximum for (110). The angle-resolved valence band spectra and the work function values also confirm this trend. The results are consistent with d–d charge fluctuations dominating at the surface, whereas metal-ligand charge transfers are more energetically favourable in the bulk. 相似文献
112.
Szlachetko J Dousse JC Hoszowska J Pajek M Barrett R Berset M Fennane K Kubala-Kukus A Szlachetko M 《Physical review letters》2006,97(7):073001
We report on the first high-resolution measurements of the K x-ray resonant Raman scattering (RRS) in Si. The measured x-ray RRS spectra, interpreted using the Kramers-Heisenberg approach, revealed spectral features corresponding to electronic excitations to the conduction and valence bands in silicon. The total cross sections for the x-ray RRS at the 1s absorption edge and the 1s-3p excitation were derived. The Kramers-Heisenberg formalism was found to reproduce quite well the x-ray RRS spectra, which is of prime importance for applications of the total-reflection x-ray fluorescence technique. 相似文献
113.
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115.
Aubert B Bona M Boutigny D Karyotakis Y Lees JP Poireau V Prudent X Tisserand V Zghiche A Tico JG Grauges E Lopez L Palano A Pappagallo M Eigen G Stugu B Sun L Abrams GS Battaglia M Brown DN Button-Shafer J Cahn RN Groysman Y Jacobsen RG Kadyk JA Kerth LT Kolomensky YG Kukartsev G Pegna DL Lynch G Mir LM Orimoto TJ Osipenkov IL Ronan MT Tackmann K Tanabe T Wenzel WA Del Amo Sanchez P Hawkes CM Watson AT Koch H Schroeder T Walker D Asgeirsson DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann T Fulsom BG Hearty C 《Physical review letters》2008,100(2):021801
We present measurements of the semileptonic decays B--->D0tau-nutau, B--->D*0tau-nutau, B0-->D+tau-nutau, and B0-->D*+tau-nutau, which are potentially sensitive to non-standard model amplitudes. The data sample comprises 232x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-->BB decays collected with the BABAR detector. From a combined fit to B- and B0 channels, we obtain the branching fractions B(B-->Dtau-nutau)=(0.86+/-0.24+/-0.11+/-0.06)% and B(B-->D*tau-nutau)=(1.62+/-0.31+/-0.10+/-0.05)% (normalized for the B0), where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and normalization-mode-related. 相似文献
116.
Adamson P Andreopoulos C Arms KE Armstrong R Auty DJ Ayres DS Baller B Barr G Barrett WL Becker BR Belias A Bernstein RH Bhattacharya D Bishai M Blake A Bock GJ Boehm J Boehnlein DJ Bogert D Bower C Buckley-Geer E Cavanaugh S Chapman JD Cherdack D Childress S Choudhary BC Coleman SJ Culling AJ de Jong JK Diwan MV Dorman M Dytman SA Escobar CO Evans JJ Falk Harris E Feldman GJ Frohne MV Gallagher HR Goodman MC Gouffon P Gran R Grashorn EW Grossman N Grzelak K Habig A Harris D Harris PG 《Physical review letters》2008,101(15):151601
A search for a sidereal modulation in the MINOS near detector neutrino data was performed. If present, this signature could be a consequence of Lorentz and CPT violation as predicted by the effective field theory called the standard-model extension. No evidence for a sidereal signal in the data set was found, implying that there is no significant change in neutrino propagation that depends on the direction of the neutrino beam in a sun-centered inertial frame. Upper limits on the magnitudes of the Lorentz and CPT violating terms in the standard-model extension lie between 10(-4) and 10(-2) of the maximum expected, assuming a suppression of these signatures by a factor of 10(-17). 相似文献
117.
There is an upper bound for the L(1) norm of the difference of two nonnegative object functions when they both produce the same data in a digital imaging system. This bound is achieved for a certain class of systems and an arbitrary nonnegative object. For the L(2) norm of the difference, with the same conditions on the object functions, there is no upper bound. 相似文献
118.
119.
We present a novel variational formulation of fully anisotropic motion by surface diffusion and mean curvature flow in , d ≥ 2. This new formulation leads to an unconditionally stable, fully discrete, parametric finite element approximation in
the case d = 2 or 3. The resulting scheme has very good properties with respect to the distribution of mesh points and, if applicable,
volume conservation. This is demonstrated by several numerical experiments for d = 3, including regularized crystalline mean curvature flow and regularized crystalline surface diffusion. 相似文献
120.
Rapid microchip-based electrophoretic immunoassays for the detection of swine influenza virus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reichmuth DS Wang SK Barrett LM Throckmorton DJ Einfeld W Singh AK 《Lab on a chip》2008,8(8):1319-1324
Towards developing rapid and portable diagnostics for detecting zoonotic diseases, we have developed microchip-based electrophoretic immunoassays for sensitive and rapid detection of viruses. Two types of microchip-based electrophoretic immunoassays were developed. The initial assay used open channel electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection with a labeled antibody to detect influenza virus. However, this assay did not have adequate sensitivity to detect viruses at relevant concentrations for diagnostic applications. Hence, a novel assay was developed that allows simultaneous concentration and detection of viruses using a microfluidic chip with an integrated nanoporous membrane. The size-exclusion properties of the in situ polymerized polyacrylamide membrane are exploited to simultaneously concentrate viral particles and separate the virus/fluorescent antibody complex from the unbound antibody. The assay is performed in two simple steps--addition of fluorescently labeled antibodies to the sample, followed by concentration of antibody-virus complexes on a porous membrane. Excess antibodies are removed by electrophoresis through the membrane and the complex is then detected downstream of the membrane. This new assay detected inactivated swine influenza virus at a concentration four times lower than that of the open-channel electrophoresis assay. The total assay time, including device regeneration, is six minutes and requires <50 microl of sample. The filtration effect of the polymer membrane eliminates the need for washing, commonly required with surface-based immunoassays, increasing the speed of the assay. This assay is intended to form the core of a portable device for the diagnosis of high-consequence animal pathogens such as foot-and-mouth disease. The electrophoretic immunoassay format is rapid and simple while providing the necessary sensitivity for diagnosis of the illness state. This would allow the development of a portable, cost-effective, on-site diagnostic system for rapid screening of large populations of livestock, including sheep, pigs, cattle, and potentially birds. 相似文献