Growth behavior of high k LaAlO3 films on Si by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition for alternative gate dielectric application

LaAlO₃ (LAO) is explored in this work to replace SiO₂ as the gate dielectric material in metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor. Amorphous LAO gate dielectric films were deposited on Si (0 0 1) substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using La(dpm)₃ and Al(acac)₃ sources. The effect of processing parameters such as deposition temperature and precursor vapor flux on growth, structure, morphology, and composition of LAO films has been investigated by various analytical methods deeply. The film growth mechanism on Si is reaction limiting instead of mass transport control. The reaction is thermally activated with activation energy of 37 kJ/mol. In the initial growth stage, Al element is deficient due to higher nucleation barrier on Si. The LAO films show a smooth surface and good thermal stability and remain amorphous up to a high temperature of 850 °C. The electrical properties of amorphous LAO ultrathin films on Si have also been evaluated, indicating LAO is suitable for high k gate dielectric applications.     

选择外延MOCVD研制DFB激光器和模斑转换器集成器件

研究了利用选择外延生长的InGaAsP材料的厚度增强因子和带隙波长的性质,最大的厚度增强因子为2.9.利用选择外延技术研制的DFB激光器和模斑转换器的集成器件,阈值为10.8mA-在60mA下输出功率为10mW,边模抑制比为35.8dB,垂直方向上的远场发散角从34°减少到9°,垂直方向上的1dB偏调容差为3.4μm.     

Experimental investigation of discharge characteristics in enhanced glow discharge plasma immersion ion implantation

In enhanced glow discharge plasma immersion ion implantation (EGD-PIII) that involves a small pointed anode and large area tabular cathode, the high negative substrate bias not only acts as the plasma producer but also supplies the implantation voltage. Consequently, an electric field is created to focus the electrons and the electron focusing field in turn enhances the glow discharge process. In this work, the discharge characteristics of EGD-PIII are investigated experimentally. The discharge initiation and extinction characteristics during pulsed biasing are discussed. The duration of the post pulse-off plasma is explained from the viewpoint of particle motion and experimentally verified by employing an auxiliary disk. Our experiments show that a dual-pulse method may be utilized to determine the remnant plasma.     

Ring‐opening polymerization of 1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one initiated by lanthanum isopropoxide in bulk

Lanthanum isopropoxide (La(OiPr)₃) has been synthesized and employed for ring‐opening polymerization of 1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one in bulk as a single‐component initiator. The influences of reaction conditions such as initiator concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature on the polymerization were investigated. The kinetics indicated that the polymerization is first‐order with respect to the monomer concentration. The Mechanistic investigations according to ¹H NMR spectrum analysis demonstrated that the polymerization of PDO proceeded through a coordination‐insertion mechanism with a rupture of the acyl‐oxygen bond of the monomer rather than the alkyl‐oxygen bond cleavage. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5214–5222, 2008     

SUPER TOUGH GELS WITH A DOUBLE NETWORK STRUCTURE

Living tissues work with fantastic functions in soft and wet gel-like state.Thus,hydrogels have attracted much attention as excellent soft and wet materials,suitable tot making artificial organs for medical treatments.However, conventional hydrogels are mechanically too weak for practical uses.We have created double network (DN) hydrogels with extremely high mechanical strength in order to overcome this problem.DN gels are interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels consisting of rigid polyelectrolyte and s...     

Distributional Dimension of Fraetal Sets in Local Fields

The distributional dimension of fractal sets in R^n has been systematically studied by Triebel by virtue of the theory of function spaces. In this paper, we first discuss some important properties about the B-type spaces and the F-type spaces on local fields, then we give the definition of the distributional dimension dimD in local fields and study the relations between distributional dimension and Hausdorff dimension. Moreover, the analysis expression of the Hausdorff dimension is given. Lastly, we define the Fourier dimension in local fields, and obtain the relations among all the three dimensions. Keywords local field, B-type space, F-type space, distributional dimension, Hausdorff dimension Fourier dimension     

An improved model of surface BRDF-atmospheric coupled radiation

Based on the 6S code, an improved model of the surface BRDF-atmospheric coupled radiation is proposed, in which the key point is an upward flux correction. As shown in comparative numerical simulations, this model generally has a better accuracy than some exiting models. In the condition of the solar zenith angle &thetas;_s⩽75° and the viewing angle &thetas;_v ⩽60°, the error by the present model is usually smaller than 2.5%     

中国Ku波段广播通信卫星雨衰减分布

雨衰减对于１０ＧＨｚ以上无线电系统的影响是极为严重的。本文根据我国６５个站点的分钟降雨率数据，利用ＩＴＵ－Ｒ最新给出的雨衰减预报模式，计算出我国未来１２ＧＨｚ三个轨道     

Details of the non-unitarity proof for highest weight representations of the Virasoro algebra

We give an exposition of the details of the proof that all highest weight representations of the Virasoro algebra forc<1 which are not in the discrete series are non-unitary.This work was supported in part by DOE grant DE-FG02-84ER-45144, NSF grant PHY-8451285 and the Sloan Foundation