Fourier Series Representation of Low-Lying Eigenfunctions for a Particle on the Torus

A Fourier series method for finding the low-lying eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Schrödinger equation for a particle on the surface of a torus is given.     

Intensification of gadolinium(III) separation by effective utilization of nanoliquids in supported liquid membrane using Aliquat 336 as carrier

A supported nanoliquid membrane was developed to improve the separation of rare metal ion gadolinium (Gd) from nitrate solution medium. The nanoliquid membrane was prepared by dispersion of nanoparticles in organic phase and Aliquat 336 was applied as the carrier. TiO₂ and SiO₂ as hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanoparticles were effectively incorporated in the supported liquid membrane (SLM) system and the effect of size, concentration, and type of nanoparticle in the SLM were evaluated. A membrane phase of 0.015 M Aliquat-336 in kerosene and 0.04 wt% of SiO₂ with the size of 15 nm was found to have the highest permeability coefficient of 12.57?×?10^?5 m/s and enhanced the permeability coefficient by 28.2%. Hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the nanoparticles were observed to have remarkable effects on the permeation of the SLM system and concluded that the hydrophobic nanoparticle was more desirable. Results showed that the solid supported pore’s blockage and aggregation of nanoparticles could bring adverse effects at a high nanoparticle concentration at this SLM configuration. The stability tests were conducted over ten cycles of separation and the supported nanoliquid membrane had slight reduction of permeation during the test.     

MoS2‐on‐MXene Heterostructures as Highly Reversible Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Two‐dimensional (2D) heterostructured materials, combining the collective advantages of individual building blocks and synergistic properties, have spurred great interest as a new paradigm in materials science. The family of 2D transition‐metal carbides and nitrides, MXenes, has emerged as an attractive platform to construct functional materials with enhanced performance for diverse applications. Here, we synthesized 2D MoS₂‐on‐MXene heterostructures through in situ sulfidation of Mo₂TiC₂T_x MXene. The computational results show that MoS₂‐on‐MXene heterostructures have metallic properties. Moreover, the presence of MXene leads to enhanced Li and Li₂S adsorption during the intercalation and conversion reactions. These characteristics render the as‐prepared MoS₂‐on‐MXene heterostructures stable Li‐ion storage performance. This work paves the way to use MXene to construct 2D heterostructures for energy storage applications.     

Stamping of Flexible,Coplanar Micro‐Supercapacitors Using MXene Inks

The fast growth of portable smart electronics and internet of things have greatly stimulated the demand for miniaturized energy storage devices. Micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs), which can provide high power density and a long lifetime, are ideal stand‐alone power sources for smart microelectronics. However, relatively few MSCs exhibit both high areal and volumetric capacitance. Here rapid production of flexible MSCs is demonstrated through a scalable, low‐cost stamping strategy. Combining 3D‐printed stamps with arbitrary shapes and 2D titanium carbide or carbonitride inks (Ti₃C₂T_x and Ti₃CNT_x, respectively, known as MXenes), flexible all‐MXene MSCs with controlled architectures are produced. The interdigitated Ti₃C₂T_x MSC exhibits high areal capacitance: 61 mF cm^?2 at 25 µA cm^?2 and 50 mF cm^?2 as the current density increases by 32 fold. The Ti₃C₂T_x MSCs also showcase capacitive charge storage properties, good cycling lifetime, high energy and power densities, etc. The production of such high‐performance Ti₃C₂T_x MSCs can be easily scaled up by designing pad or cylindrical stamps, followed by a cold rolling process. Collectively, the rapid, efficient production of flexible all‐MXene MSCs with state‐of‐the‐art performance opens new exciting opportunities for future applications in wearable and portable electronics.     

Molecularly Engineered Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells

The development of near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials has emerged as a promising research field with important applications in solid‐state lighting (SSL), night‐vision‐readable displays, and the telecommunication industry. Over the past two decades, remarkable advances in the development of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have stunned the SSL community, which has in turn driven the quest for new classes of stable, more efficient NIR emissive molecules. In this review, an overview of the state of the art in the field of near‐infrared light‐emitting electrochemical cells (NIR‐LEC) is provided based on three families of emissive compounds developed over the past 25 years: i) transition metal complexes, ii) ionic polymers, and iii) host–guest materials. In this context, ionic and conductive emitters are particularly attractive since their emission can be tuned via molecular design, which involves varying the chemical nature and substitution pattern of their ancillary ligands. Herein, the challenges and current limitations of the latter approach are highlighted, particularly with respect to developing NIR‐LECs with high external quantum efficiencies. Finally, useful guidelines for the discovery of new, efficient emitters for tailored NIR‐LEC applications are presented, together with an outlook towards the design of new NIR‐SSL materials.     

One-pot regio- and stereoselective cyclization of 1,2,n-triols

A simple and efficient process to cyclize triols containing a 1,2-diol functionality with a pendant hydroxyl group is presented. The one-pot procedure converts the 1,2-diol into an ortho ester in situ, which upon treatment with a Lewis acid generates a cyclic acetoxonium intermediate. This intermediate is subsequently trapped by the pendant hydroxyl group to generate a cyclic ether. The stereochemistry of the 1,2-diol is transferred to the product with complete fidelity (inversion at the site of cyclization), and the reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity. The process is akin to the Lewis acid-catalyzed intramolecular ring-opening of epoxides with hydroxyl groups yielding cyclic ethers of various sizes with regio- and stereochemical control.     

Novel method for the synthesis of 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles using alumina supported ammonium fluoride under solvent‐free condition

Alumina supported ammonium fluoride was found as an efficient reagent for the synthesis of 1,2,4‐oxadi‐azoles of amidoximes under solvent free conditions using microwave irradiation. This method is a one‐pot, easy, rapid, and high‐yielding reaction for the synthesis of 1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives from amidoximes and acyl chlorides. Reaction of amidoximes with acylchlorides in the presence of alumina without ammonium fluoride gave only the corresponding O‐acylamidoximes as major product.     

The preparation of quinolines and related fused-ring heterocycles from the dianions of benzoylacetone,certain cyclic ketone oximes,or certain substituted hydrazones

C(α),O-Dilithiooximes, C(α),N-dilithiobenzoylhydrazones, or C(α),N-dilithiocarboalkoxyhydrazones were prepared in an excess of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and condensed with 2-aminobenzophenones, or isatoic anhydrides to give intermediates that were treated with aqueous acid, which caused their hydrolysis, cyclodehydration and/or linear dehydration to give products which were substituted quinolines or related fused-ring heterocycles (e.g., cycloheptaquinolines). Dilithiobenzoylacetone was condensed with 2-aminobenzophenones, which was followed by acid cyclodehydration to substituted 2-phenacylquinolines.     

INTERACTION BETWEEN ADSORPTION LAYERS OF MACROMOLECULES

Stability and rheological properties of concentrated emulsions (including those for manufacture of vitamin microcapsules) can be related to elementary coalescence acts and adhesion of emulsion drops interacting through thin layers (microscopic emulsion films) of a dispersion medium

A new procedure was used for measuring the adhesion force f_a between two drops of n-heptane in polymer solutions and lifetime τ of the drops in the contacts depending on the volume concentration C of the polymer, time of formation t_f of adsorption layers, temperature T, capillary pressure P_c in the film, surface area S of the film, and on addition of acetone and tannin. The molecular mechanism of the interaction between adsorption layers of polymers and of the process of film destruction is discussed on the basis of the relationships obtained for interaction free energy Δ F_a, activation energy E, destruction activation volume δ and physico-chemical parameters.