Bayes' rule and hidden variables

We show that a quantum system admits hidden variables if and only if there is a rich set of states which satisfy a Bayesian rule. The result is proved using a relationship between Bayesian type states and dispersion-free states. Various examples are presented. In particular, it is shown that for classical systems every state is Bayesian and for traditional Hilbert space quantum systems no state is Bayesian.     

Electromagnetic pulse signal representation using orthonormalLaguerre sequences

The notion of representing discrete-time electromagnetic pulse (EMP) signals using orthonormal Laguerre sequences is introduced. The motivation for doing so is that EMP signals and Laguerre sequences are both characterized by decaying exponentials. It is shown a that very efficient Laguerre representation of EMP signals is possible using this approach     

Quaternary trialkyl(polyfluoroalkyl)ammonium salts including liquid iodides

New quaternary ammonium salts that contain polyfluorinated alkyl substituents were prepared by the polyfluoroalkylation of tertiary amines with polyfluorinated alkyl iodides. Metathesis reactions of the iodide salts with fluorine-containing anions resulted in new low melting salts. The iodide salts of the tri(isooctyl)polyfluoroalkyl amines are also liquids at 25°C.     

新型PWM控制器简化大功率LED设计

背景 高亮度（HB）和超高亮度LED通常充当LCDTFT背光，应用在高档电视、工业照明和投影仪中。另一个广泛应用的领域是许多轿车和卡车的仪表盘背光、内部照明和刹车灯。高级轿车制造商越来越多地采用固态LED照明的最新技术，通过这些更轻巧、更小型、更耐用的内部和外部照明器件来增加其2007-2008年新型汽车的美感。     

Analyzing the Complexity of Finding Good Neighborhood Functions for Local Search Algorithms

A drawback to using local search algorithms to address NP-hard discrete optimization problems is that many neighborhood functions have an exponential number of local optima that are not global optima (termed L-locals). A neighborhood function η is said to be stable if the number of L-locals is polynomial. A stable neighborhood function ensures that the number of L-locals does not grow too large as the instance size increases and results in improved performance for many local search algorithms. This paper studies the complexity of stable neighborhood functions for NP-hard discrete optimization problems by introducing neighborhood transformations. Neighborhood transformations between discrete optimization problems consist of a transformation of problem instances and a corresponding transformation of solutions that preserves the ordering imposed by the objective function values. In this paper, MAX Weighted Boolean SAT (MWBS), MAX Clause Weighted SAT (MCWS), and Zero-One Integer Programming (ZOIP) are shown to be NPO-complete with respect to neighborhood transformations. Therefore, if MWBS, MCWS, or ZOIP has a stable neighborhood function, then every problem in NPO has a stable neighborhood function. These results demonstrate the difficulty of finding effective neighborhood functions for NP-hard discrete optimization problems.This research is supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49620-01-1-0007, FA9550-04-1-0110).     

Comparison of Separation Efficiency of Macrocyclic Glycopeptide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases for the LC Enantioseparation of β-Amino Acids

Direct reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of eighteen unnatural β-amino acids, including several β-3-homo-amino acids. The direct separations of the underivatized analytes were performed on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics such as teicoplanin (Chirobiotic T and T2), teicoplanin aglycone (Chirobiotic TAG), vancomycin (Chirobiotic V and V2), and ristocetin A (Chirobiotic R) as chiral selectors. The effects of the organic modifier, mobile phase composition and pH on the separations were investigated. A comparison of the separation performances of the macrocyclic glycopeptide stationary phases revealed that the Chirobiotic T2 column exhibited better selectivity than the Chirobiotic T column for the separation of β-3-homo-amino acid enantiomers; vancomycin or ristocetin A exhibited lower selectivity. The elution sequence was determined in some cases: the S enantiomers eluted before the R enantiomers, with the exception of the Chirobiotic R column, where the elution sequence R < S was observed.     

Comparisons and improvements of designs of data slicers and clocksynchronization circuits for broadcast teletext decoders operating in amultipath environment

It is shown that multipath propagation imposes a serious performance degradation on broadcast teletext systems designed according to the North American Basic Teletext Specifications. By using both analysis and a comprehensive computer simulation model of the teletext broadcast system, it was found that very significant gains in performance could be obtained by improving slicing level and clock synchronization circuit designs. Several slicing level and clock synchronization (also called bit timing recovery (BTR)) circuits were modeled and simulated and their performances compared. These included peak detecting, averaging, modified averaging, adaptive and ideal slicers. The averaging and adaptive slicers used with the correlator BTR circuit were found to give the best performance, but the complexity and cost of an adaptive slicer reduce the advantages of system implementation     

Lambda polarization in the K− fragmentation region

Results on Λ polarization in the inclusive reaction K^?p→Λ + X at 12 and 16 GeV/c for 0.6<x<1.0, are presented. These results, obtained with the CERN Omega Spectrometer, show that the polarization is important at large x and increases with p_t over the covered range 0<p_t<1.2 GeV/c. The average polarization for 31 857 lambdas with x>0.6 is P_Λ = 0.35 ± 0.02, along the direction $\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{×}\text{Λ}$. The polarization can be expressed as P(x, p_t) = (0.66±0.03)p_t independent of x in the range covered by the experiment.     

Study of the centrally producer ππ andK \bar K systems at 85 and 300 GeV/c

We have studied the andK systems centrally produced in proton proton collisions at 300 GeV/c and ⁺/p proton collisions at 85 GeV/c using the CERN spectrometer. Clear evidence forS ^*/f _o(975) production is observed. An analysis performed on the ^{+ –} mass spectrum in the 1.0 GeV region, using a coupled channel formalism, shows that it is possible to describe theS ^*/f _o(975) effect with one single resonance once interference of theS ^*/f _o(975) with theS-wave background is introduced. The resultingS ^*/f _o(975) parameters arem _o =979±4MeV,g =0.28±0.04,g _K =0.56±0.18 corresponding to a pole position on sheet II at (1001±2)–i(36±4) MeV. Evidence is also found for a structure having a mass of 1472±12 MeV and a width of 195±33 MeV.