全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1127篇 |
免费 | 24篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 658篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 38篇 |
数学 | 79篇 |
物理学 | 201篇 |
无线电 | 176篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 34篇 |
2012年 | 43篇 |
2011年 | 60篇 |
2010年 | 44篇 |
2009年 | 36篇 |
2008年 | 57篇 |
2007年 | 74篇 |
2006年 | 71篇 |
2005年 | 71篇 |
2004年 | 64篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 40篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1974年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1969年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有1156条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
221.
Xu Zhang William D. Armstrong William R. Lindberg Jonathan W. Naughton 《Experiments in fluids》2012,53(4):1107-1121
Experimental measurements are used to validate a numerical model of a dynamic resonant wall shear stress sensor. The numerical model consists of an unsteady two-dimensional boundary-layer model for the flow and a simple mechanical model for the sensor itself. The sensor’s sensitivity to wall shear stress is experimentally determined in a flat-plate boundary layer, and the results agree closely with those from the numerical simulations. Using the validated model, it is determined that the energy lost in each sensor oscillation due to the interaction between the sensor and fluid increases with increasing mean wall shear stress. 相似文献
222.
6.1.4控制屏蔽机箱的放电 屏蔽是一种抑制ESD的有效方式,可以对ESD进行适当的控制,使得ESD不会影响产品内部电路的正常工作。第4部分内容对屏蔽技术进行了讨论,我们所要做的就是让机箱在非常高的频率具有理想的屏蔽效能。 相似文献
223.
Tony Armstrong 《电子与电脑》2011,(1):59-61
背景"能量采集"的概念自2000年初就出现了,但凭借着近期的技术发展,相关的概念才推展至商业化阶段。目前,全球的工程师们都积极地开发着利用非传统型能源的新颖方法。 相似文献
224.
Cappillino PJ Miecznikowski JR Tyler LA Tarves PC McNally JS Lo W Kasibhatla BS Krzyaniak MD McCracken J Wang F Armstrong WH Caradonna JP 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2012,41(18):5662-5677
Enzymes in the oxygen-activating class of mononuclear non-heme iron oxygenases (MNOs) contain a highly conserved iron center facially ligated by two histidine nitrogen atoms and one carboxylate oxygen atom that leave one face of the metal center (three binding sites) open for coordination to cofactor, substrate, and/or dioxygen. A comparative family of [Fe(II/III)(N(2)O(n))(L)(4-n))](±x), n = 1-3, L = solvent or Cl(-), model complexes, based on a ligand series that supports a facially ligated N,N,O core that is then modified to contain either one or two additional carboxylate chelate arms, has been structurally and spectroscopically characterized. EPR studies demonstrate that the high-spin d(5) Fe(III)g = 4.3 signal becomes more symmetrical as the number of carboxylate ligands decreases across the series Fe(N(2)O(3)), Fe(N(2)O(2)), and Fe(N(2)O(1)), reflecting an increase in the E/D strain of these complexes as the number of exchangeable/solvent coordination sites increases, paralleling the enhanced distribution of electronic structures that contribute to the spectral line shape. The observed systematic variations in the Fe(II)-Fe(III) oxidation-reduction potentials illustrate the fundamental influence of differential carboxylate ligation. The trend towards lower reduction potential for the iron center across the [Fe(III)(N(2)O(1))Cl(3)](-), [Fe(III)(N(2)O(2))Cl(2)](-) and [Fe(III)(N(2)O(3))Cl](-) series is consistent with replacement of the chloride anions with the more strongly donating anionic O-donor carboxylate ligands that are expected to stabilize the oxidized ferric state. This electrochemical trend parallels the observed dioxygen sensitivity of the three ferrous complexes (Fe(II)(N(2)O(1)) < Fe(II)(N(2)O(2)) < Fe(II)(N(2)O(3))), which form μ-oxo bridged ferric species upon exposure to air or oxygen atom donor (OAD) molecules. The observed oxygen sensitivity is particularly interesting and discussed in the context of α-ketoglutarate-dependent MNO enzyme mechanisms. 相似文献
225.
Stevenson GP Lee CY Kennedy GF Parkin A Baker RE Gillow K Armstrong FA Gavaghan DJ Bond AM 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(25):9864-9877
A detailed analysis of the cooperative two-electron transfer of surface-confined cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) in contact with pH 6.0 phosphate buffer solution has been undertaken. This investigation is prompted by the prospect of achieving a richer understanding of this biologically important system via the employment of kinetically sensitive, but background devoid, higher harmonic components available in the large-amplitude Fourier transform ac voltammetric method. Data obtained from the conventional dc cyclic voltammetric method are also provided for comparison. Theoretical considerations based on both ac and dc approaches are presented for cases where reversible or quasi-reversible cooperative two-electron transfer involves variation in the separation of their reversible potentials, including potential inversion (as described previously for solution phase studies), and reversibility of the electrode processes. Comparison is also made with respect to the case of a simultaneous two-electron transfer process that is unlikely to occur in the physiological situation. Theoretical analysis confirms that the ac higher harmonic components provide greater sensitivity to the various mechanistic nuances that can arise in two-electron surface-confined processes. Experimentally, the ac perturbation with amplitude and frequency of 200 mV and 3.88 Hz, respectively, was employed to detect the electron transfer when CcP is confined to the surface of a graphite electrode. Simulations based on cooperative two-electron transfer with the employment of reversible potentials of 0.745 ± 0.010 V, heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants of between 3 and 10 s(-1) and charge transfer coefficients of 0.5 for both processes fitted experimental data for the fifth to eighth ac harmonics. Imperfections in theory-experiment comparison are consistent with kinetic and thermodynamic dispersion and other nonidealities not included in the theory used to model the voltammetry of surface-confined CcP. 相似文献
226.
Doubina N Jenkins JL Paniagua SA Mazzio KA MacDonald GA Jen AK Armstrong NR Marder SR Luscombe CK 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(3):1900-1908
Poly(3-methylthiophene) (P3MT) was synthesized directly from indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes modified with a phosphonic acid initiator, using Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization (KCTP). This work represents the first time that polymer thickness has been controlled in a surface initiated KCTP reaction, highlighting the utility of KCTP in achieving controlled polymerizations. Polymer film thicknesses were regulated by the variation of the solution monomer concentration and ranged from 30 to 265 nm. Electrochemical oxidative doping of these films was used to manipulate their near surface composition and effective work function. Doped states of the P3MT film are maintained even after the sample is removed from solution and potential control confirming the robustness of the films. Such materials with controllable thicknesses and electronic properties have the potential to be useful as interlayer materials for organic electronic applications. 相似文献
227.
Androić D Armstrong DS Arvieux J Bailey SL Beck DH Beise EJ Benesch J Benmokhtar F Bimbot L Birchall J Bosted P Breuer H Capuano CL Chao YC Coppens A Davis CA Ellis C Flores G Franklin G Furget C Gaskell D Gericke MT Grames J Guillard G Hansknecht J Horn T Jones MK King PM Korsch W Kox S Lee L Liu J Lung A Mammei J Martin JW McKeown RD Micherdzinska A Mihovilovic M Mkrtchyan H Muether M Page SA Papavassiliou V Pate SF Phillips SK Pillot P Pitt ML Poelker M Quinn B Ramsay WD Real JS Roche J 《Physical review letters》2012,108(12):122002
The parity-violating (PV) asymmetry of inclusive π- production in electron scattering from a liquid deuterium target was measured at backward angles. The measurement was conducted as a part of the G0 experiment, at a beam energy of 360 MeV. The physics process dominating pion production for these kinematics is quasifree photoproduction off the neutron via the Δ0 resonance. In the context of heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory, this asymmetry is related to a low-energy constant d(Δ)- that characterizes the parity-violating γNΔ coupling. Zhu et al. calculated d(Δ)- in a model benchmarked by the large asymmetries seen in hyperon weak radiative decays, and predicted potentially large asymmetries for this process, ranging from A(γ)-=-5.2 to +5.2 ppm. The measurement performed in this work leads to A(γ)-=-0.36±1.06±0.37±0.03 ppm (where sources of statistical, systematic and theoretical uncertainties are included), which would disfavor enchancements considered by Zhu et al. proportional to V(ud)/V(us). The measurement is part of a program of inelastic scattering measurements that were conducted by the G0 experiment, seeking to determine the N-Δ axial transition form factors using PV electron scattering. 相似文献
228.
Ahmed Z Allada K Aniol KA Armstrong DS Arrington J Baturin P Bellini V Benesch J Beminiwattha R Benmokhtar F Canan M Camsonne A Cates GD Chen JP Chudakov E Cisbani E Dalton MM de Jager CW De Leo R Deconinck W Decowski P Deng X Deur A Dutta C Franklin GB Friend M Frullani S Garibaldi F Giusa A Glamazdin A Golge S Grimm K Hansen O Higinbotham DW Holmes R Holmstrom T Huang J Huang M Hyde CE Jen CM Jin G Jones D Kang H King P Kowalski S Kumar KS Lee JH LeRose JJ Liyanage N Long E McNulty D 《Physical review letters》2012,108(10):102001
The parity-violating cross-section asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from unpolarized protons has been measured at a four-momentum transfer squared Q2 = 0.624 GeV2 and beam energy E(b) = 3.48 GeV to be A(PV) = -23.80 ± 0.78(stat) ± 0.36(syst) parts per million. This result is consistent with zero contribution of strange quarks to the combination of electric and magnetic form factors G(E)(s) + 0.517G(M)(s) = 0.003 ± 0.010(stat) ± 0.004(syst) ± 0.009(ff), where the third error is due to the limits of precision on the electromagnetic form factors and radiative corrections. With this measurement, the world data on strange contributions to nucleon form factors are seen to be consistent with zero and not more than a few percent of the proton form factors. 相似文献
229.
230.
O'Brien M Leach A Armstrong RJ Chong K Sheridan R 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2012,10(12):2392-2394
Utilising the propensity of the 2-furanyl group to facilitate equilibration of an adjacent tosylamide chiral centre, a diastereoselective route to 2,6-syn-piperidines was developed that proceeds with high levels of thermodynamic stereocontrol. X-ray crystallography structures suggest that, as seen in similar systems, pseudo-allylic strain between the N-tosyl group and the substituents at the 2 and 6 positions dominates stereochemical preference, overriding 1,3 diaxial interactions. 相似文献